Macros and Micros
Iron, calcium, and potassium belong to this category of micronutrients.
What are minerals?
This is the first step scientists typically take when they notice something they want to understand or investigate.
A nutrition researcher wants to determine whether a person's nutrient intake is likely inadequate. They compare the person's usual intake with a DRI designed to meet the needs of nearly all healthy individuals. Which DRI should they use, and why?
What is the RDA, because it is set high enough to meet the nutrient needs of nearly all healthy people in a specific group?
On an ingredient list, the ingredients are arranged in descending order according to this measurement.
What is weight?
These reactions break larger molecules into smaller molecules and can release energy in the process.
Answer: What are catabolic reactions?
Minerals that carry an electrical charge when dissolved in water are called: __________
what are electrolytes
A researcher predicts that people who eat a high-protein breakfast will feel full longer than people who eat a low-protein breakfast. This testable prediction is called this.
What is a hypothesis?
Scientists use this DRI when there is not enough evidence to establish an RDA for a nutrient. It is based on observed or experimentally determined intake levels.
What is the AI (Adequate Intake)?
A food contains sugar naturally, but the manufacturer does not add any sugar during processing. On the Nutrition Facts label, you would expect this number to be zero.
What are Added Sugars?
This enzyme in saliva begins breaking down starch in the mouth.
Answer: What is amylase?
Both carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal/g, but they have different primary roles. This macronutrient is especially important for building and repairing body tissues.
What is protein?
A researcher tests whether caffeine affects heart rate. One group receives caffeine, while another receives a drink without caffeine. The group receiving no caffeine serves this purpose.
What is the control group?
A person consistently consumes more of a nutrient than the RDA but remains below the level associated with an increased risk of adverse effects. Which DRI helps determine whether their intake may be approaching an unsafe level?
What is the UL (Tolerable Upper Intake Level)?
If you compare two foods using only the calories listed on their labels, you could be misled if you fail to check this part of the label first.
Answer: What is serving size?
This section of the GI tract absorbs much of the remaining water and houses bacteria that play important roles in health.
What is the large intestine?
If a food contains 10 g of carbohydrates, 10 g of protein, and 10 g of fat, this is the approximate total number of kcal it provides.
Answer: What are 170 kcal?
(10×4 + 10×4 + 10×9 = 170)
To determine whether a new nutrition supplement actually improves iron status, researchers give the supplement to one group and a similar-looking inactive substance to another group. The inactive substance is called this.
What is a placebo?
A person wants to lower their risk of heart disease and is deciding how much saturated fat, sodium, and added sugar to consume. Which DRI is designed to identify intake levels that can help reduce the risk of chronic disease?
What is the CDRR (Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intake)?
If a food has 20% or more of the Daily Value for a nutrient, it is considered this.
Answer: What is high?
A nutrient can be completely digested inside the GI tract but still needs to cross the intestinal wall before the body can use it. This second process is called this.
Answer: What is absorption?
A person has a diet extremely low in dietary fat. Over time, they develop problems related to vision, blood clotting, and bone health despite consuming adequate calories. Which class of vitamins are they most likely having difficulty absorbing, and why?
What are fat-soluble vitamins, because vitamins A, D, E, and K require dietary fat for proper absorption?
what is peer review?
Two adults eat similar foods, but one is highly active while the other is sedentary. A nutritionist wants to estimate how many calories each person needs to maintain their current body weight. Which DRI would be most useful?
What is the EER (Estimated Energy Requirement)?
“Low fat,” “high in calcium,” and “sugar-free” are examples of this type of food-label claim.
Answer: What are nutrient content claims?
A disruption or imbalance in the normal community of microorganisms in the gut is called this.
What is dysbiosis?