Teeth
Four types of teeth
Incisors
Canine
Pre-molars
Molars
Define enzyme
A biological catalyst
Two categories of Digestion
Mechanical/Physical Digestion
Chemical Digestion
Seven nutrient groups
Carbohydrate
Protein
Fats/Lipids
Vitamins
Minerals
Fiber
Water
Reagent and color change for the starch test
Iodine
Blue Black
Total number of adult teeth
32
Enzyme is responsible for this reaction:-
starch -> maltose
amylase
These structures increase the surface area of the small intestine
Villi
Name one reducing sugar and one non-reducing sugar
Reducing: glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, lactose
Nonreducing: sucrose
Reagents and Positive color for protein test
Biuret/ sodium hydroxide and copper sulphate
purple/lilac
Three causes of tooth decay
Eating foods/drinking drinks with a high sugar or starch content
Not getting enough fluoride
Grinding the teeth
Smoking and other drug use
Three categories of digestive enzymes are
Carbohydrases
Proteases
Lipases
Two associated organs of the digestive system
Pancreas and Liver/Gall bladder
Name two fat soluble and two water soluble vitamins
Fat - A, D, E & K
Water - B & C
High amounts of reducing sugar and low amounts of reducing sugar
Brick red/orange -> green/yellow-green
State how the function of molars and canines differ
Molars- crush and grind
Canines - grip and tear
Define denature
The shape pf the enzyme molecules changes so that they are inactivated/ change in the shape of the enzyme active site.
Three examples of mechanical digestion
Chewing/Mastication
Churning in stomach
Action of acids
Action of Bile
Two energy deficient deficiency diseases
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus
Describe the emulsion test
Add ethanol
Add the test substance
Add equal volume of water
Shake
Draw an incisor to show dentine, enamel, pulp cavity, crown and root
see image shown
Draw a graph to show the effect of temperature on an enzyme with an optimum temperature of 40 degrees Celsius
See image drawn
State one way Monosaccharides, Amino Acids and Fatty Acids & Glycerol are each assimilated.
Monosaccharides: respiration release energy, stored as glycogen, converted to fat
Amino acids: make proteins/enzymes/hormones/antibodies, deaminated by liver
Fatty acids and glycerol: make cell membranes, for respiration, converted to fat
Two diseases affecting the large intestine that can be caused by dietary intake.
Constipation
Diarrhoea
Describe the non-reducing sugar test
Add a few drops of dilute hydrochloric
acid, heat for 1 minute. Add sodium
hydrogencarbonate/sodium hydroxide, Add Benedict’s solution,Heat the mixture.