Nutrition Basics
Name the three energy-yielding macronutrients.
Carbohydrates, Fat, and Protein
What is the first step of the scientific method?
Ask a question or
Identify a problem
This DRI represents the average daily intake that meets the nutrient needs of about 97–98% of healthy people.
RDA
This organ is the primary site of nutrient absorption.
Small intestine
Name the three monosaccharides important in human nutrition.
Glucose, fructose, galactose
Carbohydrate and protein each provide this many kcal per gram, while fat provides this many.
Four / 4
A pill that looks like the treatment but contains no active ingredient is called this.
Placebo
This DRI represents the highest average daily nutrient intake unlikely to pose a risk of adverse health effects.
UL
These fingerlike projections increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine.
Villi
This storage form of glucose is found primarily in the liver and muscles.
Glycogen
A food contains 20 g carbohydrate, 5 g protein, and 10 g fat. How many kcal does it provide?
190 kcal
Participants improve because they believe they received a treatment, even though they did not. What phenomenon is occurring?
Placebo effect
A student needs 2,000 kcal/day and gets 50% of kcal from carbohydrate. Approximately how many grams of carbohydrate is this?
250 grams
A patient has difficulty preventing stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus. What structure may not be functioning properly?
Lower esophageal sphincter
After a carbohydrate-containing meal causes blood glucose to rise, which hormone is released to help glucose enter cells?
Insulin
Maya chooses oatmeal with berries instead of a pastry even though both provide similar calories. The oatmeal provides more fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Which concept best explains why it may be the more nutritious choice?
Nutrient density or
Nutrient density vs Energy Density
or Energy Density
Neither the participants nor the researchers interacting with them know who receives the treatment. What type of study design is this?
Double-blinded
A cereal package says “High in fiber.” What type of FDA-regulated label claim is this?
Nutrient content claim
Dietary fat is absorbed into structures within the intestinal villi before entering the lymphatic system. What are these structures called?
lacteal
A person eats beans and later some carbohydrate reaches the large intestine undigested, where bacteria ferment it. What type of carbohydrate is primarily responsible?
Dietary fiber
A person can change their physical activity level and dietary habits but cannot change their age or family history. What are these two different types of risk factors called?
Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors
An influencer claims a supplement “detoxes your body overnight,” provides testimonials but no research, and sells the product through the same post. Identify two red flags that should make a skeptical consumer question the claim.
Any two supported red flags, e.g. extraordinary “detox” claim, testimonials/anecdotes, lack of scientific evidence, financial conflict/product sales
Jordan consumes 2,400 kcal/day. If 20% of energy comes from protein, approximately how many grams of protein does Jordan consume?
120 grams
During prolonged exercise, the body breaks down stored nutrients to release energy for ATP production. Is this process:
A. Metabolism
B. Anabolism
C. Catabolism
D. Absorption
C. Catabolism
Marcus has type 2 diabetes. His pancreas produces insulin, but his body cells do not respond effectively to it. What condition is occurring, and what happens to his blood glucose as a result?
Insulin resistance; blood glucose remains elevated