Obesity Assessment
Name the three classes of obesity based on BMI.
Obesity 1 30-34.9
Obesity 2 35-39.9
Obesity 3 40 and higher
List cancers that are associated with obesity.
Breast Cancer (post menopause)
Colon Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Endometrial Cancer
True or false. We do a good job screening for cancer in the United States.
True
What are the problems with waist to hip ratio?
Often inaccurate
Measurements vary between individuals doing the measures
Doesn't accurately identify risk in thinner individuals whose waists are closer to the same size as their hips
The measurement of WHR provides no advantage over waist circumference alone
What is Metabolic Syndrome?
Cluster of risk factors resulting in substantial increased risk for developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Which of the following is NOT applicable to initial weight loss?
a. Client should attempt to lose 10% of body weight over 6 months
b. Lose 1-2 pounds per week
c. After the first 6 months, maintenance should be done by changing their diet, physical activity, and lifestyle habits
d. Losing more than 5 pounds each day and restricting your calories
d. Losing more than 5 pounds each day and restricting your calories
What is "yo-yo" dieting?
Repeated losses and regains of body weight; anywhere from 5-10 pounds fluctuations or 50 or more pounds.
How does diet influence whether we make it to our 50s?
Binging
Trying everything in potlucks
Income
Time convenience
Cultures value different body image
Birthdays
Holidays
What are other names in body fat distribution?
Android Obesity which includes abdominal obesity, central obesity, upper body fat, and apple shape obesity.
Gynoid Obesity includes lower body obesity and pear shaped obesity.
Why is dieting not effective?
Restricting calories, portion sizes, food groups, and when time passes by regaining weight again.
Why do we assess fat distribution with waist circumference?
Quick, easy, and free
Why has the obesity epidemic crisis dropping down recently?
GLP 1s
Why does Denmark and Spain has the highest risk for Cardiovascular disease?
Both countries smoke more
When is waist circumference measurement used for what individuals?
Normal
Overweight
What percentage of media stars are genetically thin?
Less than 2%
What is the difference between excessive visceral fat tissue and excessive subcutaneous fat tissue?
Excessive visceral fat tissue is adipose tissues that accumulates around internal organs and is associated with increased health risk.
Excessive subcutaneous fat tissue is adipose tissue that is just below the skin; the fat you can grab and less associated with increased health risk.
Why does overweight has the lowest mortality within older adults?
Optimal BMI of 25-32
Due to:
Weaker bone mineral density
Falls
More nutrient stores
True or false. Obesity is only a problem in the United States.
False; obesity is drastically increasing worldwide.
Identify/list risk factors of overweight and obesity.
Coronary artery disease
Other atherosclerotic diseases
Type 2 Diabetes
Sleep Apnea
Hypertension
Impaired glucose tolerance
Hypertriglyceridemia
Hypercholesterolemia
Low HDL C
High LDL C
Family History of early CHD, HTN, DM
Cigarette Smoking
Physical inactivity
Diet
When should you get tested for diabetes?
BMI >25
CVD risk factors
At risk ethnicity
Family history
Physical inactivity
History of gestational diabetes for women
Identify what is the etiology behind obesity as a disease.
Obesogenic environment:
Financial stress (economic)
Emotional stress (anxiety, stress, and depression)
Sedentary job or commuting
Screen time
Endocrine disruptors (aka hormone disruptors)- the things that are expressed in our environment on a daily life. Ex: sleep compensation would be sitting and eating.
Diet-fast foods, processed foods, etc.
Genetic susceptibility:
Epigenetics
Medications
Menopause
Post pregnancy weight retention
Gut microbiota changes
Hypoglycemia
Why is it a problem for media stars to use the media?
Unhealthy image
Consumers don't know that photos are edited
Likes and influences on social media
Competition which impacts mental health
Weight loss medications
Why are other countries obese after the United States?
The United States model behaviors such as eating in fast food places and processed foods. In theory, the U.S. is focusing on selling food to other countries which is also seen in other countries.
True or false. Liposuction effective for risk factors linked to CHD, Normal Glucose Tolerance, and Type 2 Diabetes.
False; not effective
What are biomarkers?
Samples which include:
Blood
Urine
Saliva
Breastmilk which measures protein