Nutrition Overview
A science that studies the
interactions between living organisms
and food.
What is nutrition?
A simple carbohydrate made up of a single sugar unit.
What is a monosaccharide?
Secreted from the gall bladder into the small intestine
What is bile?
An essential nutrient that must be
consumed for survival.
What is water?
The shape of this organ is the letter "J"
What is the stomach?
A simple carbohydrate made up of two sugar units.
What is a disaccharide?
This is very energy dense, containing 9 kcal/gram
What is fat?
Transports oxygen and nutrients to cells
and removes carbon dioxide and waste
products.
What is blood?
This consists of digestive enzymes, hydrochloric acid and other substances that are important for absorbing nutrients.
What are the gastric juices?
A complex carbohydrate made up of many sugar units.
What is a polysaccharide?
This triglyceride has hydrogen atoms surrounding every carbon in the chain; they have no double bonds
What are Saturated fatty acids?
Distribution of these affect the distribution of water throughout the body.
What are electrolytes?
Another name for energy-yielding nutrients.
What are macronutrients?
The type of fiber that doesn't dissolve in water.
What is insoluble?
Digestion of these do not occur in the watery environments of the mouth or stomach
What are lipids?
This type of
toxicity is rare as fluid is usually
increased to compensate.
What is sodium toxicity?
This nutrient makes up more than 60% of the human body.
What is water?
This can be added to processed foods to
thicken and reduce fat and calories.
What is fiber?
Organic compounds essential in the diet
to promote growth and health
maintenance.
What are Vitamins?
an increase in the
pressure of the blood against the arterial
wall
What is hypertension?
This dietary reference intake is used to evaluate nutrient intakes of populations.
What are Estimated Average Requirements (EARs)?
This nutrient is made of one or more
polypeptide chains folded into a
three-dimensional shape.
What is protein?
The two water-soluble vitamins.
What are vitamins B and C?
Inorganic elements needed by the body
in small amounts for health and
maintenance.
What are minerals?
This dietary reference intake is used recommend specific amounts of nutrients for individuals.
What are Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)?
This type of allergy is triggered when a protein
from the diet is absorbed without being
completely digested.
What is a food allergy?
The four vitamins that are fat-soluble.
What are vitamins A, D, E, and K.
Needed in the diet in amounts greater than
100 mg per day or are present in the body in
amounts greater than 0.01% of body weight.
What are major minerals?
This dietary reference intake is used to help with the prevention of nutrient toxicities.
What are Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs)?
A rapid, severe allergic reaction.
What is anaphylaxis?
The process of adding nutrients to foods.
What is fortification?
Required in the diet in amounts less than 100
mg per day or are present in the body in
amounts less than 0.01% of body weight.
What are trace minerals?
The amount of calories calculated based on age, gender, height, weight and physical activity required for a 24-hour period by the body.
What is EER?
This diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbs.
What is the keto diet?
Adding nutrients back to foods that have lost
nutrients due to processing.
What is enrichment?
Most abundant mineral in the body.
What is calcium?
The amount of calories burned by the
human body in one day adjusted to the
amount of activity (sedentary, moderate
or strenous).
What is Total Energy expenditure (TEE)?
These help the immune system in
fighting off foreign bodies.
What are antibodies?
This type of vitamin deficiency can cause night blindness as well as permanent blindness.
What is vitamin A?
This type of mineral deficiency
can lead to bone
loss, weakness and loss of appetite.
What is phosphorus deficiency?