Nutrients
What are nutrients?
◦ Materials found in foods and used in the body
◦ Provide energy and structural materials
◦ Promote growth, maintain, and repair body tissues
◦ Some reduce risk of some diseases
Which type of nutrition is used by the body for energy and is found in foods like bread, rice, and pasta?
Carbohydrates
What is digestion?
The process of breaking down food into smaller components.
What are Kilocalories?
Measure how much energy food provides
What are the three types of fat listed on a nutrition label?
Saturated fat, trans fat, and total fat.
What are essential nutrients?
◦ Must be obtained from food sources
◦ Body production cannot yield sufficient quantities to meet need
Which type of nutrition provides the body with essential fatty acids and helps in the absorption of vitamins?
Fats/Lipids
What is absorption in nutrition?
The process by which nutrients are taken into the cells of the body.
How many kcal per gram do carbohydrates provide?
4 kcal/g
How many food groups are on your MyPlate?
5
What are the six classes of nutrients?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Water
What are the three monosaccharides found in foods?
Glucose, fructose, galactose
What is the role of enzymes in digestion?
Enzymes help break down food into nutrients.
How many kcal per gram do fats provide?
9 kcal/g
What does the "Serving Size" on a nutrition label tell you?
The recommended amount of food for one serving
What is Energy Density?
Measure of the amount of energy a food provides relative to the amount of food (kcal/g)
What are the three types of fatty acids?
Saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated
What are organs that secrete digestive juices?
• Salivary glands
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Liver (via gallbladder)
• Pancreas
A food has 10g of fat, 20g of carbohydrates, and 5g of protein. How many total kcal does it provide?
10(9) + 20(4) + 5(4) = 170 kcal
What is the recommended portion of your plate for fruits and vegetables combined?
Half of your plate
What is Nutrient Density?
Measure of the nutrients provided per calorie of food, or the ratio of nutrients to calories (nutrients/kcal)
What is the major storage form of fat in the body?
Triglycerides
What are the two types of digestion?
- Mechanical Digestion
-Chemical Digestion
A meal contains 450 kcal and 20g of fat. What percentage of the calories come from fat?
(20g x 9 kcal/g) / 450 x 100 = 40%
What is the "5/20 Rule" on food labels?
5% DV is low, 20% DV is high for a nutrient