Deficiencies
B Vitamins & Water Soluble Vitamins
Fat Soluble Vitamins
Minerals
Hodge Podge
100
Greek word that means "withering." Caused by inadequate intake of both protein and carbohydrates. May affect proper development of oral hard and soft tissues
What is Marasmus
100
This vitamin is important in wound healing, collagen formation, and optimal activity of white blood cells. It also facilitates development of red blood cells, and has antioxidant properties.
What is Vitamin C
100
The most important fat soluble vitamin. Protects other FSV from oxidation, is an anticoagulant, antioxidant, and improves the immune response. Protects integrity of cell membranes and prevents hemolysis. Deficiency results in loss of resistance to inflammation in the periodontium
What is Vitamin E
100
This mineral is not an essential nutrient for health, but exhibits systemic and topical caries preventative effects
What is fluoride
100
This is considered the normal range for BMI
What is 18.5-24.9
200
A deficiency of this vitamin may result in enamel hypoplasia, as well as xerophthalmia (night blindness), and excessive hyperkeratinization of the oral mucosa, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts
What is Vitamin A
200
This vitamin is important in the following: coenzyme in protein metabolism, conversion of tryptophan to niacin, hemoglobin synthesis, production of antibodies, cells, and neurotransmitters. Clinical signs of a deficiency are convulsions, dermatitis with cheilosis, glossitis with symtoms of a "scalded tongue."
What is Vitamin B6
200
Important in blood clotting, deficiency results in ginigival hemorrhage and increased risk of candidiasis
What is Vitamin K
200
This is the most abundant mineral in the body, of which 99% is found in the skeleton and 1% in blood serum. It controls blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction/relaxation, and is important for bone and tooth formation
What is Calcium
200
The type of bonds formed between calcium ions (Ca+), phosphate ions (PO43-), and hydroxide ions (OH-) that form Hydroxyapatite in tooth enamel
What are ionic
300
A Ghanian word that describes the "evil spirit that infects the first child when the second child is born." A PEM deficiency that occurs when carbohydrate intake is adequate, but high quality protein intake is inadequate.
What is Kwashiorkor
300
This vitamin is important in maintaining normal levels of mature red blood cells, and proper formation of the neural tube. Clinical signs or deficiency are glossitis with fiery red papillae, and Candida infections
What is folic acid
300
Considered a hormone because it is synthesized by the body, a deficiency of this vitamin results in delayed dentition, increased caries, loss of lamina dura, and loss of alveolar and mandibular bone.
What is Vitamin D
300
Essential for optimal bone matrix development, prevention of osteoporosis, and protein fat, and carbohydrate metabolism
What is manganese
300
These guidelines address the diet, physical activity, and other issues related to food intake, food safety, energy expenditure, with goals intended to promote the health and healthy eating habits of Americans
What is The Dietary guidelines, updated how often, what is the most current?
400
This deficiency affects mucous membranes, causes stomatitis, loss of filiform and fungiform papillae of the tongue, and inflamed ulcerative gingival tissues. It is associated with corn diet, and lack of tryptophan and niacin
What is Pellagra
400
This vitamin is important in the formation of RBC's, myelin, and as a coenzyme in DNA synthesis. Absorption only occurs if it is bound to intrinsic factor in the stomach. Clinical signs of deficiency are glossopyrosis, swelling and pallor of the tongue, and loss of papillae.
What is Vitamin B12
400
An antioxidant that maintains epithelial tissue involved in bone growth and remodeling. Deficiencies result in xerostomia, cleft lip, decreased taste sensitivity, and ameloblast atrophy.
What is Vitamin A
400
A cofactor for antioxidant enzyme that protects cell membranes, works with vitamin E. Is incorporated in tooth enamel during amelogenesis, also found in dentin
What is Selenium
400
Revised evidence-based sets of nutrient-based reference values created by the Food and Nutrition Board of the IOM
What are dietary reference intakes (DRI's)
500
A deficiency that results in delayed dentition, small molars, and weakened alveolar trabeculae, as well as abnormal bone length. Incidence is on the rise due to the increased use of sunscreen.
What is Rickets
500
Is essential for carbohydrate metabolism, synthesis of niacin, and regulating appetite. Deficiency leads to beriberi, anorexia, and fatigue. Clinical signs of deficiency are ataxia, nystagmus, and flabby engorged tongue. Called the "morale" vitamin because short term deficiency causes to depression.
What is Vitamin B1
500
UV radiation penetrates exposed skin and converts this precursor to this active form of vitamin D
What is 7-Dehydrocholesterol and D3 (calcitriol)
500
Essential for formation of RBC's and connective tissue, specifically collagen. Deficiencies result in lesions within bone and connective tissue, signs similar to water soluble vitamin deficiency
What is Copper
500
The maximum daily level of nutrient intake that probably would not result in toxicity or adverse health effects for most of the general population
What is tolerable upper intake level, acronym?
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