Carbohydrates
What are the two primary types of carbohydrates?
Simple and complex carbohydrates
How many amino acids does the body use to build proteins?
20 amino acids.
Which lipid is considered the primary form of stored energy in the body?
Triglycerides
What is the burning sensation results when swallowing highly acidic foods or drinks?
Heartburn.
What hormone regulates blood sugar by promoting glucose uptake in cells?
Insulin
What are the three types of monosaccharides?
Glucose, fructose and galactose.
What protein limits the essential amino acids?
Plant proteins.
What type of lipid is the primary component of cell membranes?
Phospholipids
What is the most internal and most metabolically active organ in the body?
The Liver
What type of transport moves nutrients across cell membranes without using energy?
Passive transport
How do food manufacturers find cost-effective ways to produce their products?
One popular method is using high fructose corn syrup as an alternative to sucrose.
What type of bond links amino acids together to form proteins?
Peptide bonds
What is the primary sterol that we consume?
What is the large intestine responsible for?
Absorbing water and electrolytes.
Which condition in which cells in the body become resistant to insulin?
Which component of carbohydrates includes starch, glycogen, and most types of fiber?
Polysaccharides
What is the condition caused by not getting enough energy from food?
Protein-energy Malnutrition. (PEM)
What do lipids consist of?
Triglycerides, Fatty Acids, Phospholipids and Sterols.
What are the GI tract digestion accessory organs?
Salivary Glands, Pancreas, Gallbladder and Liver
What role do capillaries play in nutrient absorption and transport within the body?
Capillaries help transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste by allowing nutrients absorbed in the small intestine to move into the bloodstream and be delivered to the body’s cells.
What do alternative sweeteners include?
Artificial Sweeteners: Sacchrin, Aspartame, Neotame.
Natural Sweeteners: Stevia, Luo Han Guo
Where are most hormones produced?
They are produced from several organs, mostly known as endocrine organs.
What is the difference between a Saturated/Unsaturated Fatty acid?
Saturated Fatty Acid: it contains the maximum number of hydrogens possible, there are no double bonds.
Unsaturated Fatty Acids: does not contain the maximum number of hydrogens on each of its carbon; contains double bonds.
Gastrin
What is the main purpose of Phosphorylation and Desphorylation?
Phosphorylation is overall the process that requires energy. Desphorylation is the release of energy. Thus, energy is needed to add phosphates in ATP which energy is then released through removing phosphates from ATP.