FAT FACTS
A fatty acid that must be consumed in the diet because it cannot be made by the body or cannot be made in sufficient quantities to meet the body's needs.
What is an essential fatty acid?
A class of nutrients, commonly called fats, that includes fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols; most do not dissolve in water.
What are Lipids?
A type of phospholipid that is made in the liver and used as an emulsifier in food.
What is lecithin?
A hormone made in the pancreas that allows glucose to enter cells and stimulates the synthesis of liver and muscle glycogen.
What is insulin?
The protective outer layers of whole grains. It is a concentrated source of dietary fiber.
What is Bran?
A fatty acid containing one carbon-carbon double bond.
What is a monounsaturated fat?
A type of cardiovascular disease that involves the buildup of fatty material in the artery walls.
What is Atherosclerosis?
A type of lipid that is most abundant in plant oils and is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease.
What is an unsaturated fat?
A carbohydrate made up of two sugar units.
What is a disaccharide?
A consistent elevation of blood glucose levels to between 100 and 125 mg/100mL of blood, a level above normal but not high enough to be diagnostic of diabetes but thought to increase the risk of developing diabetes.
What is pre-diabetes?
The major type of lipid in food and the body, consisting of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule.
What is a triglyceride?
A type of lipid that is most abundant in solid animal fats and is associated with an increased risk of heart disease.
What is saturated fat?
A fatty acid that contains two or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
What is a polyunsaturated fat?
A carbohydrate made up of many sugar units linked together.
What is a polysaccharide?
A substance used to sweeten food that provides few or no calories.
What is an artificial or non-nutritive sweetner?
A sterol, produced by the liver and consumed in the diet, that is needed to build cell membranes and make hormones and other essential molecules. High blood levels increase the risk of heart disease.
What is cholesterol?
A particle that is formed in the small intestine when the products of fat digestion are surrounded by bile. It facilitates the absorption of lipids.
What is a micelle?
A type of lipid whose structure includes a phosphorus atom.
What is a phospholipid?
The addition of specific amounts of nutrients to replace those lost during processing.
What is enrichment?
A monosaccharide found in fruits and honey that is composed of six carbon atoms arranged in a ring structure; commonly called fruit sugar.
What is fructose?
A substance with both water-soluble and fat-soluble portions that can break fat into tiny droplets and suspend it in a watery fluid.
What is an emulsifier?
A process used to make partially hydrogenated oils in which hydrogen atoms are added to the carbon-carbon double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids, making them more saturated. Trans fatty acids are formed during the process.
What is hydrogenation?
The type of tissue that stores fat in the body
What is Adipose tissue?
A condition in which diverticula in the large intestine become inflamed.
What is diverticulitis?
Metabolism in the presence of oxygen. It can completely break down glucose to yield carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP.
What is aerobic metabolism?