Time period in life when fat cell numbers increase most
childhood / adolescence
100
risk of toxicity is lower in this type of vitamin
water-soluble
200
Physiological response to positive energy balance
Fat storage
200
Calories burned in exercise are dependent on what three factors
Frequency, duration, intensity
200
Anaerobic process that breaks down glucose
glycolysis
200
Interact with diet, physical activity, and metabolism to impact obesity.
Genes
200
Alcohol contributes greatly to deficiency of this vitamin and deficiency can lead to the condition called Beriberi
Thiamin / Vitamin B1
300
Caloric equivalent of 1 lb of body fat
3500 Calories
300
2/3 daily calories spent on basic life supporting functions describes what
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
300
When glucose is not available, the body will break down this body tissue to supply needed glucose for brain and nerve activity.
muscle/ lean tissue
300
Levels are affected by "perception" of foods and often rise higher when foods are perceived as treats.
Bad for weight loss as it promotes appetite and weight gain.
Ghrelin
300
Nutrient dependent on vitamin B12 for activation, prevents neural tube defects, and is vulnerable to drug interactions with aspirin and antacids. Toxicity of this nutrient is possible with supplements.
Folic Acid
400
Calories per gram in fat
9 cal / gram
400
Causes BMR to increase and is 3 times more metabolically active than fat
Muscle or lean tissue
400
Process in energy metabolism that requires energy and MAKES bonds
Anabolism
400
Removes triglycerides from blood to store in fat and muscle. Activity of this is higher in obese individuals and magnifies even modest energy excesses.
lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
400
This nutrient enhances iron absorption, there are high amounts contained in red peppers, and while excesses are excreted, they may still cause GI distress, kidney stones, and gout.
Vitamin C
500
The most satiating of the macronutrients
What is protein
500
The most variable and chageable component of energy expenditure.
Exercise / physical activity
500
Calorie-per-gram secret why fat provides most energy of all the macronutrients
more carbon/ hydrogen bonds and therefore more acetyl coA= more energy
500
Acts as a hormone in the hypothalamus, promotes negative energy balance, supresses appetite, and increases energy expenditure.
Leptin
500
Nutrient found in animal protein that is easily detroyed by microwave cooking. Deficiency reflective mostly of poor absorption (lack of stomac acid or intrinsic factor) rather than poor intake and common among the elderly, people with ulcers / h.pylori, and vegetarians.