Protein I
Name three functions of protein.
Provide structure (muscle mass), maintenance and build growth, regulate body processes, immunity, circulation, energy source
What are complementary proteins?
Combining plant proteins to put together all the amino acids that are needed.
ie. grains and legumes, legumes and seeds, grains and dairy
Name the three functions of vitamins.
What are the total daily requirements of water for men and women?
Men 13 cups per day
Women 9 cups per day
Name four functions of minerals
Structural processes, CNS function, Muscle contraction/relaxation, blood clotting and BP regulation
What are amino acids?
They are the building blocks of protein
What is the recommended dietary analysis of protein?
10-35%
What is the difference between fat and water soluble vitamins?
Fat soluble vitamins are carried and stored in fat.
Water soluble vitamins are absorbed and transported in water.
Name three functions of water
A deficiency in niacin can result in what condition?
Pellegra
What four elements are amino acids (thus proteins) composed of?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
What are two protein deficiency disorders?
Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
What are the four fat soluble vitamins?
Vitamins A, D, K, E
Name some factors that affect the water requirements of an individual?
Environmental temperature, exercise, function loss (diarrhea, polyuria)
What are the functions of sodium?
Maintain BP, transmission of nerve impulses, fluid balance
What are the differences between essential, conditionally and/or acquired essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids.
Essential amino acids: the body is unable to make this in sufficient amounts to meet metabolic needs, therefore needs to be ingested by foods we eat.
Conditionally and/or acquired essential amino acids can become essential if the body needs this to meet metabolic needs due to disease process.
Non-essential amino acids, the body can make these in order to meet its needs
When is protein needed?
During illness and disease (Fever, for wound healing)
What vitamin is an antidote for warfarin (Coumadin)?
Vitamin k
What are some causes of dehydration?
vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics, polyuria, sweating
Name three food sources of zinc
meat, fish, poultry, whole grains, legumes and eggs
Describe positive and negative nitrogen balance and when they occur.
Positive nitrogen balance-consuming more nitrogen than is being excreted. Can occur during periods of rapid growth.
Negative nitrogen balance-consuming less nitrogen than is being excreted. Inadequate protein intake and is losing nitrogen by breaking down more tissue than it is building up. Occurs in malnutrition and illness
What is a pescetarian allowed to eat?
Allows dairy, fish and eggs
Describe what a megadose of vitamins are.
Megadoses increase the need for higher doses of other vitamins, which may in turn lead to vitamin deficiencies
What are some causes of fluid volume excess?
Sodium retention, water intoxication, kwashiorkor
What are the two categories of minerals and how much are needed a day?
Major which requires 100mg a day or more
Trace which requires less than 100mg a day or less