Pregnancy
Why should alcohol and smoking be avoided during pregnancy?
It can cause Foetal alcohol syndrome.
What is the term for the process of producing breast milk?
Lactation
At what age do babies usually begin to need more than just milk?
4–6 months
Why are nutrients important during childhood?
For growth, energy, and development of healthy habits.
At what age does puberty typically begin for females and males?
12 for females, 14 for males
A pregnant mother requires a good supply of what for the growth and development of new what?
Protein and Cells
What is the first fluid produced by the breast after childbirth called?
Colostrum
Why shouldn’t solids be introduced before this age?
The digestive system is immature and there’s a risk of allergies.
What health issue has become increasingly common among Australian children?
Obesity
Which two nutrients are especially important for rapidly growing bones and increased blood volume?
Calcium and Iron
Which three nutrients assist in bone and teeth formation during pregnancy?
Calcium, phosphorus, and Vitamin D
Breast milk is considered the best food source for infants because it provides perfect _______ and protection against _______.
Nutrition; infection
Name two suitable first foods for infants.
Rice cereal, apple, pear, pumpkin, carrot, peaches
What type of carbohydrates help active children meet their energy needs?
Complex carbohydrates
Why do adolescents require more kilojoules than at any other stage of life?
Rapid growth and increased muscle and tissue development
What nutrients help prevent anaemia during pregnancy?
Iron and folate
List two benefits of breastfeeding other than nutrition.
Builds immunity, enhances bonding, is economical, convenient, and easily digested.
Foods should be introduced one at a time to avoid what?
Allergic reactions
What lifestyle change has contributed to rising childhood obesity rates?
More screen time and less outdoor activity.
Name two additional nutrients adolescents need for growth and metabolism.
Protein, vitamins (especially B group), and minerals
What can excessive weight gain during pregnancy cause, and what is considered a normal weight gain?
High blood pressure; 9–13 kilograms
Colostrum is high in which protective substances?
Antibodies, protein, and minerals
Why should babies not be left alone while eating?
They can choke on large pieces of food.
Why is it important to establish healthy eating habits early?
They form the foundation for lifelong health and prevent diet-related disorders.
Nutrient-dense foods should replace empty kilojoules from which types of foods?
Processed, sugary, and high-fat foods.