Nutrition
what do carbohydrates break into
simple sugars
where does carbohydrate digestion begin?
the mouth
2 places where mechanical digestion takes place
mouth and stomach
rids (releases) the body of wastes, toxins, and excess water.
excretory system
what are the levels of organization from smallest to largest
organelle-cell-tissue-organ-organ system- organism
the end product of proteins
amino acids
what are the helper organs?
liver, pancreas, gall bladder
water absorption occurs here and digestion does not occur here
large intestine
3 other excretory organs besides the lungs
skin, liver, kidneys
what other system connects with the excretory system?
digestive system
what does the liver produce?
bile
this organ is where all absorption of food takes place/most of the digestion of protein happens because enzymes from the pancreas are secreted here
small intestine
term used to describe how food and pushed down the esophagus
peristalsis
what are the kidneys connected to?
ureters
substances required for autotrophic nutrition
CO2, water, sunlight
what do DV tell you?
how much a nutrient a person should consume in a day based off a 2000 calorie diet
what makes the pH of the stomach acidic?
hydrochloric acid
what is a nephron
functional unit of a kidney which produces urine
how is urine formed?
What is left over from filtered blood...breakdown amino acids (urea), water and salt
what nutrients need to be broken down in order to be used by the body?
carb, lipids, protein
which organs secrete enzymes to aid with digestion?
stomach, liver, pancreas
which carbohydrate cannot be digested by humans and comes from the cellulose of plants
roughage (fiber)
How does the malfunction of the excretory system affect humans?
permanent loss of kidney function
correct pathway of urine out the body (4 organs)
kidney to ureter to bladder to urethra
what nutrients do not need to be broken down by the body when ingested
water, minerals, vitamins