Electrophysiology
This narrow-complex tachycardia at 180 bpm terminates with adenosine. No p- wave is seen on termination.
What is AVNRT?
This is the preferred revascularization strategy in a patient with multi-vessel CAD, diabetes, and systolic dysfunction
What is CABG?
A 48-year-old woman has LDL 210 mg/dL, no ASCVD, and no diabetes. According to ACC/AHA cholesterol guidelines, what is the recommended initial therapy?
What is high intensity statin
This congenital heart defect is characterized on echocardiography by apical displacement of the septal tricuspid leaflet, resulting in “atrialization” of a portion of the right ventricle.
What is Ebstein Anomaly
This 2024 randomized trial showed that early use of the Impella CP microaxial flow pump reduced 6-month mortality in patients with STEMI complicated by cardiogenic shock, though at the cost of higher bleeding and vascular complications.
What is the DAN-GER SHOCK trial?
Next step for a patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy (EF 30%) who failed 3 months of GDMT.
What is an implantable cardiac defibrillator?
A patient with STEMI is hemodynamically stable. Angiography reveals multivessel disease. According to ACC guidelines, what is the recommended approach for non-culprit lesions?
What is complete revascularization either during index hospitalization or staged PCI?
Do not revascularize at the time of the STEMI
A 55-year-old man has LDL 160 mg/dL, no ASCVD, no diabetes, and a 10-year ASCVD risk of 10%. According to ACC/AHA cholesterol guidelines, what is the recommended statin therapy?
What is moderate intensity statin?
Accept 30% reduction in LDL level from baseline
This phenomenon explains why measured AV gradient is higher on transthoracic echo.
What is pressure recovery?
This trial showed that a combination of sacubitril and valsartan significantly reduced cardiovascular death and heart-failure hospitalization compared with enalapril in HFrEF, leading to guideline recommendations for ARNI therapy.
What is the PARADIGM-HF trial?
A 58-year-old woman has symptomatic paroxysmal AF despite maximal tolerated rate-control therapy. According to ACC/HRS guidelines, what is the next recommended intervention to improve rhythm control?
What is catheter ablation?
This diagnosis, made ~48 hours post MI, classically presents with dyspnea, pulmonary edema, and often shock.
What is acute MR secondary to papillary muscle rupture?
This test helps guide statin recommendations for intermediate 10 year ASCVD risk patients
What is coronary calcium score?
>100 or CAC >75th percentile
These are the diagnostic criteria for severe AS. Must name 3
What is AVA <1 cm^2, Vmax 4 m/s, MG 40 mmHG?
Accept DVI <0.25 as one
This landmark trial demonstrated that transcatheter aortic valve replacement was superior to medical therapy in patients with severe aortic stenosis who were not surgical candidates, helping establish TAVR as standard care.
What is the PARTNER trial?
Class I recommendation for a patient presenting with syncope and alternating branch block.
What is a PPM?
A 62-year-old patient with intermediate LAD stenosis (50–70%) has ambiguous angiographic severity. The interventional cardiologist considers using this pressure-wire–based, resting index to guide PCI without adenosine.
What is iFR/dPR/RFR?
A 60-year-old man with type 2 diabetes has LDL 110 mg/dL and very high risk for ASCVD, despite maximal tolerated statin therapy. According to ACC guidelines, which additional therapy should be considered?
What is ezetimibe?
This diagnosis is made with a mitral inflow E/A ratio of >2 in a 75 year old patient
What is grade III diastolic dysfunction?
This pivotal atrial fibrillation trial showed that a rhythm-control strategy offered no survival advantage over rate control in most patients, strongly influencing AF management guidelines for years.
What is AFFIRM trial?
These two "pill in the pocket" medications are a class III recommendations in patients with a previous MI, structural heart disease, or an LVEF <40%
What are flecainide and propafenone?
A patient presents with NSTEMI and has heavily calcified RCA lesion. During PCI, standard balloon angioplasty fails to expand the lesion. What advanced technique can be considered to facilitate stent deployment?
What is atherectomy (rotational or orbital) or intravascular lithotripsy?
A 62-year-old man with established ASCVD is on maximally tolerated high-intensity statin and ezetimibe. His LDL remains 105 mg/dL. According to ACC/AHA guidelines, which therapy should be considered next to further lower LDL and reduce ASCVD risk?
What is a PCSK9 inhibitor?
In grading secondary mitral regurgitation, this effective regurgitant orifice area threshold is considered severe according to guideline-based echocardiographic criteria
What is < 0.40 cm²?
This trial found in patients with heart failure and mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction, finerenone resulted in a significantly lower rate of a composite of total worsening heart failure events and death from cardiovascular causes than placebo.
What is the FINEARTS-HF trial?