DNA Molecule
The molecule inside cells that facilitate the development and function of an organism
What is DNA?
The enzyme that leads Helicase and stops the DNA from supercoiling
What is Topoisomerase?
The process by which enzymes use one of the strands of DNA within a gene as a template to produce a messenger RNA, or mRNA.
What is transcription?
The second part of protein synthesis, where the proteins are created using mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
What is translation?
The single stranded copy of DNA that codes for proteins
What is mRNA?
The building block of DNA, that contain 3 distinct parts, or nucleotides
What is nucleic acid
DNA replication takes place in a particular place with in the cell
What is the nucleus?
To enact transcription, RNA polymerase, with the help of proteins called _____________ _______, binds to a specific sequence within the gene, which is called ___ ________, and pries the two strands apart.
What are transcription factors and the promoter,
The structure the mRNA travels and connects to.
what is the ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
The enzyme in transcription that carries the polypeptides
What is transfer RNA?
Monomers of the nucleic acid including sugar, phosphate, and a base
What is nucleic acid?
The enzyme breaks through the hydrogen bonds holding the DNA bases together
What is Helicase?
RNA polymerase doesn't need a primer, it simply initiates mRNA synthesis at the start codon, and then moves downstream along the gene in this process. This process synthesizes the mRNA as it goes,reading the antisense strand from 3' to 5' and generating the mRNA from the 5' end, attaching RNA nucleotides to the 3' end as it goes.
What is elongation?
The function of the ribosome
What is holds the mRNA and the tRNA while catalyzing the bonding of the polypeptide chain?
The enzyme the speeds up the process of protein synthesis
What is the ribosome (rRNA)?
Hydrogen bonds are made useful for bases in a particular way
How are bases held together?
The Enzyme that tells DNA polymerase where do begin replicating DNA molecules to build a new strand of DNA
What is Primer?
The main difference with RNA is being synthesized, which as we recall will be ribose rather than deoxyribose, and it will have this instead of thymine.
What is uracil?
The Role of tRNA.
What is to connect to the codons on the mRNA and add to the polypeptide chain?
The large organelle that houses the ribosomes for translation
What is Endoplasmic Reticulum?
The 4 bases that code for traits that pair together in a specific way with T to A and G to C they pair together
What is adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine?
A strand that utilizes Ligase because DNA polymerase can only build 5’ to 3’ and forms Okazaki fragments
What is the lagging strand?
Once RNA polymerase reaches the end of the gene, This occurs. This is when the enzyme detaches from the gene and the DNA is returned to its original state.
What is termination?
The role of codons
The enzyme that separates the DNA
What is helicase?