Chapter 4
Which of the following statements would most likely be made by a manager who has a Theory X approach to human beings?
A) "Focus on the organization and people will take care of themselves."
B) "I treat people differently in different ways based on the situation we are facing."
C) "The only way to get people to work hard is to push them hard."
D) "People work best if left alone."
C) "The only way to get people to work hard is to push them hard."
Pay for performance means employees must
A) share only in the rewards of a company.
B) share in the risks as well as the rewards of their employer's business.
C) share in the risks at the expense of the rewards of their employer's business.
D) share all aspects of a company's business.
B) share in the risks as well as the rewards of their employer's business.
Sending employees for training, sending employees personal thank-you notes or email and putting employees on prestigious committees are examples of:
A) organization-based incentives.
B) variable recognition programs.
C) flexible benefits.
D) employee recognition programs.
D) employee recognition programs.
Participative management is
A) giving an employee more tasks while paying at the same level.
B) expanding a job horizontally.
C) a process in which subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors.
D) giving an employee a title which suggest he or she has more responsibility, but in fact does not.
C) a process in which subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors.
Which of the following would NOT facilitate a change in culture?
A) young organization
B) small organization
C) dramatic crisis
D) strong culture
D) strong culture
Jane is motivated by challenge, personal satisfaction, and by doing interesting work; most of her co-workers are just in it for the money. Jane is motivated by
A) intrinsic motivators.
B) safety motivators.
C) social motivators.
D) extrinsic motivators.
A) intrinsic motivators.
One strength of a variable-pay program is that it
A) encourages individuals to work together effectively.
B) increases the skill levels of employees.
C) motivates task performance.
D) can reduce the number of employees needed.
C) motivates task performance.
Pay, benefits, and intrinsic rewards must be carefully designed in order to enhance
A) motivation
B) individual incentives.
C) employee pay for performance.
D) skill-based pay.
A) motivation
When a manager located in Vancouver reports to an executive in Toronto regarding work being done in Calgary, this is an example of
A) job sharing.
B) telecommuting.
C) job enriching.
D) job friendly.
B) telecommuting.
The ultimate source of an organization's culture is
A) top management.
B) the selection process.
C) the country in which it operates.
D) its founders.
D) its founders.
Chao has a lot of internal drive. His overall goal in life is to "be all that he can be" in all aspects of his life. Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is reflected in Chao's attitude?
A) social
B) self-actualization
C) physiological
D) esteem
B) self-actualization
Profit-sharing plans share company profit based on
A) past financial results.
B) monthly expectations.
C) individual performance results.
D) future financial results.
A) past financial results.
Job rotation is defined as
A) changing jobs every month so as to keep the newness level high.
B) the periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another.
C) an opportunity for employees to change jobs when they feel the need.
D) the systematic removal of employees and their replacement by new, energetic employees.
B) the periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another.
What is the pattern of shared meaning within an organization?
A) the organizational chart
B) organizational culture
C) dominant culture
D) stories
B) organizational culture
) Rohit thought he would fit in with his new organization since everyone seemed to be individualistic like him. He could hardly wait for Monday, his first day on the job. Rohit is likely in which stage of the socialization process?
A) prearrival
B) encounter
C) metamorphosis
D) osmosis
A) prearrival
An employee motivated by intrinsic rewards, would most likely choose
A) ongoing opportunities for education and training.
B) a company car.
C) incentive bonuses.
D) increased salary.
A) ongoing opportunities for education and training.
According to expectancy theory, for employees to be motivated
A) performance must be directly linked to rewards.
B) their compensation must be incremental.
C) they can expect to work less but still find financial benefits.
D) rewards are irrelevant and performance is the key driver for motivation
A) performance must be directly linked to rewards.
A physician working in the hospital's emergency department is an example of
A) high feedback.
B) high task significance.
C) high task identity.
D) high autonomy.
B) high task significance.
The dominant culture is
A) the sum of the subcultures.
B) the culture of the industry leader.
C) synonymous with the organization's culture.
D) the degree of sharedness.
C) synonymous with the organization's culture.
The key socialization stage in changing employee attitudes and behaviour takes place during
A) prearrival.
B) anxiety.
C) encounter.
D) metamorphosis.
D) metamorphosis.
) Lisa ordered in pizza for her staff that are staying late to finish month end. According to reinforcement theory this is referred to as:
A) positive reinforcement.
B) expected reinforcement.
C) extinction.
D) negative reinforcement.
A) positive reinforcement.
November Systems manufactures customized cellular phones and pays its staff $1.50 for each phone completed. This is an example of
A) merit-based pay.
B) profit sharing.
C) piece-rate wages.
D) a bonus plan.
A) merit-based pay.
Sweeping hospital floors is an example of
A) low task significance.
B) low skill variety.
C) low task identity
D) low autonomy.
A) low task significance.
A high turnover rate indicates the organizational culture is
A) strong and therefore difficult to change.
B) formal and therefore difficult to change.
C) weak and therefore easier to change.
D) assimilated and therefore deeply held by each individual who stays.
C) weak and therefore easier to change.
The organizational culture at Ed's organization is in need of ethical improvement, as people seem to ignore policy and do what is best only for their department. The first step in building and ethical organizational culture should be to
A) create new rituals.
B) fire individuals who are part of current subcultures.
C) change the reward system.
D) set the tone through management behaviour.
D) set the tone through management behaviour.