Stages of Labor
What are the three stages of labor?
Stage 1: Dilation, Stage 2: Delivery of baby, Stage 3: Delivery of placenta
What is the hallmark symptom of preeclampsia?
Hypertension with proteinuria
At what week does the fetal heart begin to beat?
Around week 4
What is the normal duration of the postpartum period?
About 6 weeks
What drug is given to stimulate uterine contractions after birth?
Oxytocin (Pitocin)
During which stage of labor does crowning occur?
Stage 2
What condition is caused by implantation outside the uterus?
Ectopic pregnancy
At how many weeks is the fetus considered viable?
Around 24 weeks
What is lochia rubra?
Bright red vaginal discharge in the first few days postpartum
What medication is used to prevent seizures in preeclampsia?
Magnesium sulfate
What is the average rate of cervical dilation for a primigravida in active labor?
About 1 cm per hour
What does GTPAL stand for?
Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living
What is the purpose of amniotic fluid?
Cushions fetus, regulates temperature, allows movement
What is the fundal height immediately after birth?
At or slightly below the umbilicus
What is Rho(D) immune globulin used for?
Prevents Rh sensitization in Rh-negative mothers
What nursing intervention is most important during the transition phase?
Encourage breathing techniques and emotional support
What are signs of placental abruption?
Painful bleeding, rigid abdomen, fetal distress
What does the umbilical cord contain?
Two arteries and one vein
What hormone promotes milk production?
Prolactin
Which drug helps mature fetal lungs in preterm labor?
Betamethasone
What is the primary goal during the third stage of labor?
Prevent hemorrhage and ensure complete delivery of the placenta
What Rh factor condition can harm the fetus if untreated?
Rh incompatibility causing hemolytic disease of the newborn
What is quickening, and when is it usually felt?
First fetal movements felt around 16–20 weeks
What are signs of postpartum hemorrhage?
Saturating pad in <1 hour, low BP, tachycardia, boggy uterus
What is the primary nursing assessment for a patient on magnesium sulfate?
Monitor deep tendon reflexes and respiratory rate