STDs
Most woman are asymptomatic
What is the purpose of the placenta?
the placenta is the site of the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the fetus and the maternal circulation
What test determines if the fluid is amniotic fluid or urine?
nitrazine paper test
After delivery the uterine lining is shed. The bloody discharge is called?
Lochia: Mostly red (lochia rubra); pink to brown (lochia serosa); yellow to white (lochia alba)
The nurse is caring for a patient that is dehydrated from hyperemesis gravidarum. What order should the nurse expect the healthcare provider to place?
IV hydrated and electrolyte replacement if needed
What is the treatment for Trichomoniasis?
Metronidazole (Flagyl) a small dose for 7 days or a single large dose.
Later in pregnancy, what is an amniocentesis used to determine?
Fetal lung development
Delivery should occur how many hours after membranes rupture?
24 hours or there is an increased risk of infection
What are the interventions for hypovolemic shock due to the uterus not contracting to control blood loss after birth?
Notify HCP; Massage uterus to expel clots with hands, add oxytocic agent to IV gtt as ordered; give oxygen via facemask 8-10L; tilt woman to side or elevate right hip; elevate legs to at least a 30 degree angle.
The main symptom of what is painless, bright red, vaginal bleeding that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation?
Placenta Previa
What other STI is treated along with chlamydia?
Gonorrhea
What test is done as a preventive tool for women who have had a prior stillbirth?
Nonstress Test
How do you determine if contractions are true labor or false labor?
True: Contractions follow a regular pattern, increase with ambulation; contractions are closer together, stronger, and last longer; start in lower back and travel to abdomen; cervix softens, effaces, and dilates; fetus descends into pelvis.
false: contractions rarely follow a pattern, they vary in length and intensity; felt in the back; eventually stop with relaxation interventions; cervix may soften but no change in effacement or dilation; No change in fetal position.
What degree of laceration extends through the skin and structures superficial to muscles?
first degree-
second degree-Laceration extends through muscles of perineal body
third degree- Laceration continues through the sphincter muscle.
fourth degree- Laceration also involves the anterior rectal wall.
Mastitis is usually caused by which bacteria and how is it treated?
Staphylococcus aureus
Antibiotic therapy, anti-infective agents (antimicrobial agents), and continued emptying of the breast with breast-feeding or breast pump constitute the first line of treatment. With early antibiotic treatment, mastitis usually resolves in 24 to 48 hours.
A patient comes into the clinic with partial paralysis and tests positive for syphilis. He asks the nurse if his paralysis will ever improve. What is the best response by the nurse?
The damage maybe permanent even with treatment.
In the second trimester the breasts begin to produce what?
Colostrum also known as "premilk"
The presentation in about 96% of deliveries is..
cephalic- fetal head is in contact with the cervix
What is the hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary alveolar cells?
Prolactin
What are some signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Fatigue • Flushed, hot skin • Dry mouth, excessive thirst • Frequent urination • Rapid, deep respirations; odor of acetone on breath • Drowsiness, headache • Depressed reflexes
hypoglycemia:
Shakiness (tremors) • Sweating • Pallor; cold, clammy skin • Disorientation, irritability • Headache • Hunger • Blurred vision
A patient with herpes tells the nurse "I don't need to wear condoms when I am not having am outbreak." What is the best response of the nurse?
Sexual transmission of HSV has been documented during asymptomatic periods, so a condom should be worn even when there is not a current outbreak.
What is a positive sign of pregnancy?
Palpation of fetal outline, visualization of pregnancy with ultrasound scan, presence of fetal heartbeat
What is the goal of an episiotomy?
The goal of the procedure was to reduce bleeding, minimize tearing, and aid in the prevention of future bowel and bladder complications.
After labor during the recovery stage, how often are vital signs monitored?
Monitor vital signs every 15 minutes for the first hour and then hourly for the next 4 hours during the recovery stage.
Pain and tenderness in the lower extremities, along with warmth, redness, and hardening over the involved vessel are signs and symptoms of what?
superficial venous thrombosis
During pregnancy, calf tenderness or leg pain and swelling may indicate deep vein thrombosis.