Obesity Physiology
This pulmonary pattern seen in obesity is characterized by decreased expiratory reserve volume and decreased FRC
What is a restrictive ventilation pattern
This bedside airway assessment evaluates the ability to see mouth and pharyngeal structures like the uvula and soft palate
What is the mallampati assessment
This neuromuscular blockade reversal agent is often preferred in obese patients because it provides more reliable reversal through direct encasulation of aminosteroid neuromuscular blocking drugs
What is sugammadex
What is the percentage decrease in minimum alveolar concentration for volatile anesthetics that occurs per decade after age 40
What is 6% decrease
This class of medications is generally avoided in elderly patients due to a well established association with postoperative delirium
What are benzodiazepines
This asymptomatic liver condition is often discovered incidentally and contributes to a higher risk of CV disease and diabetes
What is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
This position uses blankets or a wedge device to improve laryngoscopic view in obese patients
What is the head elevated laryngoscopy position (HELP) or ramp position
Your obese patient has an elevated fasting blood sugar, high triglycerides, and hypertension. This combination would lead to what diagnosis?
What is metabolic syndrome
This term describes the reduced physiologic reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors seen in elderly patients
What is frailty
This standardized list is used to flag potentially inappropriate medications for older adults
What is Beer's criteria
Calculate the BMI of someone who is 1.5 meters tall and weighs 70 kg.
This assessment tool covers 8 risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea
What is the STOP-BANG
This weight is used for the dosing of maintenance doses of highly lipophilic drugs and depolarizing neuromuscular blockers
What is total body weight
Many elderly patients do not have a HR increase with chronotropic drug administration. What is responsible for this?
What is decreased adrenergic receptor responsiveness
This longer-term postoperative cognitive complication can persist for weeks to months after surgery in elderly patients
What is postoperative cognitive dysfunction
This syndrome is separate from obstructive sleep apnea and is characterized by obesity, daytime hypercapnia, and sleep disordered breathing
What is obesity hypoventilation syndrome or pickwickian syndrome
Obese patients desaturate faster than non-obese patients during apnea because of increased oxygen consumption combined with this physiologic change
What is reduced FRC
This cardiovascular condition results from chronic hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension
What is cor pulmonale or right heart failure
What is reduced GFR
This age relatd cardiovascular change makes elderly patients more dependent on adequate preload and atrial contraction to maintain cardiac output
Adipose tissue is classified as part of this body system because it secretes proteins and has physiologic functions
What is the endocrine system
When these three assessment findings occur together, there is an increased risk for difficult intubation in the obese patient.
What is Mallampati > 3, OSA, and large neck circumference
Obesity increases the volume of distribution for lipophilic drugs. This pharmacokinetic parameter may be prolonged even when the drug's clearance is unchanged.
What is context-sensitive half-time
This age-related pulmonary change contributes to increased V/Q mismatch and lower baseline PaO2 in elderly patients
What is increased closing capacity or increased closing volume
What predisposes elderly patients to exaggerated hypotension after induction or neuraxial blockade
What is decreased baroreceptor sensitivity or decreased autonomic responsiveness