Observation Tools
What is the purpose of observation in early education?
To gather information about a child’s development, interests, and needs.
Which theorist developed the stages of cognitive development?
Jean Piaget
A child insists on zipping their own coat — which theorist might explain this independence?
Erikson (Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt)
Why is confidentiality important when observing children?
It protects children’s privacy and builds trust with families.
Why do teachers use observation data in lesson planning?
To design activities that meet each child’s developmental needs.
What is a running record used for?
To record everything observed about a child’s behavior over a set period of time.
Who believed children learn best through hands-on, self-directed learning?
Maria Montessori
Two children work together to build a tower — what theory does this show?
Vygotsky’s social learning/collaboration
What should you never include when discussing an observation with classmates?
A child’s full name or identifying personal details.
How can knowing a child’s interests help with curriculum planning?
It allows teachers to create engaging, meaningful learning experiences.
What makes an observation objective instead of subjective?
It describes only what is seen or heard, not opinions or judgments.
Which theorist emphasized the importance of attachment in early childhood?
John Bowlby
A child repeats a behavior after being praised — who would explain this?
B.F. Skinner (Operant Conditioning)
When can you share observation notes about a child?
Only with authorized staff or supervisors, never with other students or families.
Which theorist’s ideas support learning through play?
Piaget or Vygotsky
What is an anecdotal record?
A brief, factual description of one incident that shows a child’s skill or behavior.
Who created the theory of psychosocial development?
Erik Erikson
A child sorts blocks by color and shape — which cognitive stage is this?
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage
Give one example of professional communication during an observation discussion.
Using respectful tone, objective language, and active listening.
What can a teacher do after noticing a child struggles with sharing?
Plan small-group social play activities to build cooperation skills.
Why is consistency important in observation?
It ensures accurate data for assessing growth and planning appropriate activities.
Which theorist focused on social interaction and the Zone of Proximal Development?
Lev Vygotsky
A teacher observes a child showing empathy to a friend — which theorist might support this behavior?
Erikson (Initiative vs. Guilt) or Gardner (Interpersonal Intelligenc
Why should observers avoid assumptions about family culture or parenting styles?
Because assumptions can lead to bias and unfair judgments.
Which theorist would most agree that children learn best through repetition and feedback?
B.F. Skinner