ADL
Snoring, short sleep duration, excessive tiredness during the day, and awakenings at night.
What are red flags for sleep disturbance?
"Keeping and manipulating food or fluid in the mouth and swallowing it" vs. "The process of setting up, arranging, and bringing food or fluid from the vessel to the mouth."
What is eating vs feeding?
Bedtime or sleep latency, excessive tiredness during the day, nighttime awakenings, Lack of regularity or short sleep duration, snoring, movement, or lack of sleep efficiency.
What are red flags for sleep disturbance?
At this age, children begin to be independent with multi-step chores (e.g., such as taking care of younger siblings, yard work, and simple home repairs).
What is 12+ years old?
This criterion referenced assessment is a child self-report that measures occupational participation across 55 activities related to the children's day-to-day.
What is the CAPE/PAC?
This is the focal point of school-based goals.
What is academic participation and performance?
This is a subtype of emotional pain based on internal (e.g., feelings of “otherness” and external (e.g., social rejection) sources. It is commonly defined as difficulty communicating and having relations with others and is described as more significant, long-lasting, and challenging to deal with than physical pain
What is social pain?
Awareness, balance, and connection
What are the ABCs of practicing self-care?
These three areas heavily influence the habits and routines of a child and should be considered in ADL evaluations.
What are the child, the child's occupations, and the child's environment?
At this age, children begin to hold their BOTTLES with both of their hands.
What is 6-9 months?
It is best to avoid this type of sleep goal.
What is a goal that aims to decrease amount of time it takes for child to fall asleep and/or increase amount of time a child sleeps?
This is a screening instrument that helps professionals assess children's ability to care for themselves at home, at school, and in the community.
What is the Roll Evaluation of Activities of Life (REAL)?
A combination of skills, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors enabling a person to engage in goal-directed and autonomous behavior.
What is self-determination?
This legal document is developed for each public school child in the U.S. who needs special education (part of the IDEA legislature).
What is an Individualized Education Program (IEP)?
This can be exhibited through behaviors like acting silly, arguing, being hyperactive, and acting out.
What is the "fight, flight, or freeze" response?
The DEF's of responding to trauma?
What are Distress, Emotional support, and Family?
At this age, children should be able to dress independently.
What is 5 years of age?
An oral motor skill that does not result in the delivery of nutrients (e.g., sucking on a pacifier)?
What is non-nutritive sucking?
This is the amount of hours of sleep needed for 0-3 months.
What is 14-17 hours?
Completing chores is an example of this type of occupation.
What are IADLs? or What is home management?
Lindsay is a preschooler receiving OT in the "least restrictive environment," which aligns with the legal requirement for service delivery for this program.
What is IDEA Part B?
Recognizing and managing our own feelings and emotions.
What is self-regulation?
To engage in self-care Lily (the occupational therapy student) makes sure to do activities after school that are not her homework.
What is balance?
At this age, a child should be able to indicate if they need to urinate or have a bowel movement; however, they may still require assistance managing clothing or wiping.
What is 2.5 years?
This ADL involves setting up, arranging, and bringing food or fluid from the vessel to the mouth.
What is feeding?
Ability to independently make simple cold meals develops around this age.
What is 6-7 years?
These are the 4 components that make up the SETT Framework.
What are student/subject, environment, task, and tools?
This population is at a heightened risk for mental health difficulties (including depression, anxiety, and poor mental well-being) with regard to the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Who are those with neurodevelopmental disabilities (autism & ADHD)?
Ways OT can prevent abuse and bullying.
What are: teaching and supporting active consent, self determination, advocacy, choice, and safety?
This is a performance-based assessment of self-care skills that looks at handwashing, opening containers, and toothbrushing skills.
What is WeePASS?
Frequent drooling, watery eyes while eating, refusing to eat, and changes in breathing patterns during mealtime are all signs of this.
What are the red flags for aspiration?
This assessment evaluates how often & how involved is your child in these activities and how would you change their participation in these activities (in home, school, and community domains).
What is the YC-PEM and PEM-CY?
This model states that “all goals, related services, and supports are focused on the student’s participation, performance, and function at school, including (education, social participation, ADLs, IADLs, play, leisure, and work).”
What is the Educational Model?
These include negative or positive coping strategies directed toward the community, which can often be associated with the child's need to manage social pain.
What are outward coping strategies?
These three categories of reactions are commonly seen in children and can be indicative of mental health challenges if seen frequently.
What are flight, fight, and freeze?
At this age, the child begins to self-feed with their fingers, selecting soft foods and those that dissolve easily.
What is 9-13 months?
This is an important red flag to watch for in pediatric eating & feeding therapy that can sometimes go unnoticed.
What is aspiration?
At this age, children are expected to be able to complete simple IADL chores such as feeding pets and making their bed.
What is 4-5year old?
In Illinois, at what age must transition planning begin in the school setting?
What is 14.5 years old?
Key features of this phenomenon are (1) becoming passive in the face of stress and challenge, (2) having difficulty adjusting and coping with stressful situations, and (3) difficulty incorporating self-management in coping strategies.
What is learned helplessness?
This is the child's perception of autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
What is self-determination?
This offers a strong framework for understanding the task analysis process associated with ADL development, participation, and performance.
What is the behavioral frame of reference?
There are 4 categories that are the reasons for referral in eating and feeding.
What is medical, nutritional, feeding skill, and psychosocial?
These are the occupational factors that influence participation and performance in IADLs.
What are Physical demands, Cognitive demands, Social demands?
This plan is required because of Rehabilitation Act (a civil rights law), provides accommodations, focuses on how the student is learning, states do not receive additional funding, and person has any disability.
What is a 504 Plan?
Type of consequence that is stress inducing and traumatic.
What is punishment?
IEP and 504 plan have this in common
Parents must consent to have child evaluated, no cost to parents, works to meet the needs of the person receiving services/accommodations
In this feeding milestone, the child will stab food with a fork and use a spoon without spilling.
What is 2 to 3 years old?
This is a common medical diagnostic procedure to rule out aspiration.
What is a Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study (VFSS)?
Developmental expectations say that cleaning up, setting the table, and watering plants can be done by this age range.
What is 2-3 years?
This tier of Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) has a preventive approach for students that are identified to be at risk for falling behind or experiencing delay.
What is Tier 2?
This is a child’s assessment of their beliefs about themselves and whether their abilities match the demands of the situation
What is self concept?
This assessment provides a level of assistance that can help create COAST goals and SOAP notes for kids 6 months to 7 years.
What is the FIM for Children (WeeFIM)?
This occurs when stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the esophagus.
What is Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?
Measures role participation and role satisfaction.
What is the Role Checklist?
This tier of mental health prevention services is for EVERYONE (all students, preventive, proactive).
What is Tier 1 for?
These include negative or positive coping strategies directed toward oneself, which can often be associated with the child's need to manage social pain.
What are inward coping strategies?
In addition to the environmental context, performance capacity, and demands of the task, it is important to consider ______________ during the ADL evaluation and intervention process.
What are parent and child preferences?
These are the ultimate goals for OT and eating and feeding.
What are helping children find internal motivation to eat and supporting parents to feed children with confidence?
According to research, younger children are much more likely to participate in these types of activities.
What are parent-child household and community activities?
This disability category under IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) is described as ~67% of all children with disabilities, other health impairments (e.g., ADHD), specific learning disability (e.g., dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia), and a speech or language impairment.
What is high-incidence disabilities?
The child’s beliefs about their ability to do what they want to do.
What is self-efficacy?
This OTPF-4 intervention approach emphasizes skill building across motor, process, and social interaction skills to promote occupational participation.
What is establish/restore?
Sits with support, holds head in steady upright positon, mouths hands or toys, and shows desire for food indicates.
What is developmental readiness for solids
These factors contribute to an individuals capacity to participate and perform an IADL.
What is person, environment, and occupation factors?
This tier in Response to Intervention (RTI) includes intensive and individualized intervention.
What is Tier 3?
Child who presents with nightmares, short sleep duration, frequent walking and poor sleep quality.
What is sleep participation effects of trauma?
This kind of prompt fading is the most appropriate for practicing mastered skills.
What is the least to most?
This transactional approach to feeding focuses on how parents respond to their child’s communication, which include prompt responses, emotionally supportive reactions, and providing developmentally appropriate experiences.
What is Responsive Feeding?
It is during this age range that children can help clean up their toys.
What is 2-3 years old?
Non-electronic devices and equipment that are very simple to use (e.g., button switch).
What is low-tech assistive technology?
Unusual fears or worries; persistent nightmares
What is a red flag for mental health in children?
At this age, Leo can most likely hold his SIPPY CUP with both hands.
What is 12-15 months?
Avery is completing her homework after school; this is an example of participation in this domain.
What is the self-improvement domain?
This assessment is the assessment of performance and participation in academic and social aspects of school based on teacher and therapist reports.
What is the School Function Assessment?
Bruises, burns, bones, bellies, and brains. These are the 5 B’s of?
What is 5 B’s of Child Physical Abuse?
This IADL may impact decision-making, including the reasoning behind how families may communicate communication about death, the meaning of life, and the preference for clergy and/or healthcare provider presence.
What is spirituality?
Formal way to resolve disputes between school and the parent regarding a students education.
What is Due Process?
What is a child’s ability to exert control over their own emotional states, including initiation, inhibition, and modulation.
What is emotional regulation?
This assessment evaluates a child's functional performance related to school participation (including fine motor, gross motor, and visual motor skills).
What is the Miller Function and Participation Scales (M-FUN)?
This population is more likely to be bullied.
Who are those with low socioeconomic status and/or are an immigrant?