El Nino
Surface Currents
Vertical Currents
Currents and Climate
La Nina
100
What is the weather in Peru during an El Nino? 
Wet/Rainy/Warm
100
What is a surface current?
A horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by wind and occurs at or near the ocean surface.
100

The term used to describe the global movement of currents, driven by differences in density (caused by temperature and salinity changes)

Thermohaline circulation

100

What effect do ocean currents have on the climate?

Warm-water currents create warmer more humid climates in coastal regions that are normally cold and cold-water currents create cooler drier climates in coastal regions that are normally hot.

100
What is the cooling that sometimes follows an El Nino? 
La Nina
200

What is the weather in eastern Australia during an El Nino? 

Dry

200
What are the three main factors that influence surface currents?
global winds, the Coriolis effect, and continental deflection
200
What is it called when cold nutrient rich water is moved toward the surface by wind? 
Upwelling
200
From where does the Gulf Stream carry warm water currents to create warmer climate in the British Isles?
The Tropics near the equator
200
What is the surface temperature of the water during a La Nina? 
Cold
300

An El Nino causes an increase in the formation of these natural disasters that form over warm water in the Pacific Ocean

Hurrincanes

300
Do currents on the East Coast or West Coast carry warmer water? 
East Coast
300
What two (2) factors cause an increase in water density?
An decrease in temperature and an increase in salinity (saltiness).
300
What does upwelling bring to the surface of the ocean?
Nutrients.
300
What type of weather does Australia have during a La Nina vs Peru? 
Increase in rainfall in Australia and Dry in Peru.
400
The winds that slow down causing an El Nino? 
Trade Winds
400
What direction does the Coriolis Effect move currents in the Northern Hemisphere? Southern Hemisphere?
Clockwise=Northern Hemisphere 

Counter-clockwise=Southern Hemisphere

400
What are two ways that ocean water experiences increased salinity?
Freezing and Evaporation.
400
What is the definition of El Nino?
A change in the water temperature in the Pacific Ocean that produces a warm current.
400
Why are fisherman & penguins happy during a La Nina? 
The upwelling of cold nutrient rich water increases the amount phytoplankton and anchovies. 
500
What happens to the amount of fish of the coast of Peru during an El Nino? 
Decreases 
500

Name of the system of slow moving currents that begins with the downwelling of the North Atlantic Deep Water current and travels through all of the oceans

Global Conveyor belt

500
How does temperature affect the direction of how deep currents flow? (Hint: The answer includes information about the poles and the Equator)
Colder, denser water moves from the poles towards the Equator while warmer, less dense water moves from the Equator towards the poles.
500
What does not occur off the coast of South America during El Nino? (Hint: It is a process that brings nutrient-rich water to the surface which is very important to the survival of the ocean's many ecosystems.)
Upwelling.
500
How long is a La Nina cycle? 
9-12 months
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