Ocean Acidfication
Bio- geochemical Cycle
Dead Zones
Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
El Nino/ La Nina
100
What is calcium carbonate?
Calcium carbonate is the material that composes the shells and exoskeletons of many marine organisms.
100
what is the Biogeochemical Cycle?
The biogeochemical cycle is the continuous flow of elements and compounds between organisms and the earth
100
Give me an example of a Dead Zone
In the Gulf of Mexico
100
What is the greenhouse effect?
The Greenhouse Effect is a phenomenon in which the atmosphere of a planet traps radiation emitted by its sun.
100
What is El Nino?
The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a disruption of the ocean-atmosphere system in the Tropical Pacific, the ocean basin located between New Guinea, Australia and the Americas
200
List three ways human increase the amount of carbon in the ocean?
transportation, industry, agriculture, things we do at home like electricity
200
The Biogeochemical cycle involves what four interconnected spheres?
Lithosphere, Biosphere, Atmosphere, and Hydrosphere
200
What does hypoxic mean?
low oxygen
200
What causes the greenhouse effect?
This Greenhouse Effect is caused by gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane that allow incoming sunlight to pass through but retain heat radiated back from the planet's surface.
200
What is a key characteristic of El Nino?
A key characteristic of ENSO is increased surface ocean temperature in the equatorial Pacific
300
4. The lower the pH of a substance , the ___________ H+ ions, and the ___________ acidity.
more and lower
300
What elements are important to all marine life?
Carbon (C) Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Silicon (Si) Iron (Fe) Trace metals
300
What can cause a plankton bloom?
Too much nitrogen and nutrients
300
What are 5 of the effects of global warming?
More frequent and severe storms, heat waves, floods, and droughts. Drought conditions jeopardize access to clean drinking water, fuel out-of-control wildfires, and result in dust storms, extreme heat events, and flash flooding in the States. Global Warming effects health through poor air quality, increase in food and airborne illnesses and disease-carrying insects. Sea Level Rise effects our coastal communities and ecosystems. Animals and plants have migrated to other areas due to global warming. Unless greenhouse gas emissions are severely reduced, global warming could cause a quarter of land animals, birdlife and plants to become extinct.
300
What are two ways the oceans affect the weather?
Evaporation from the ocean can transfer heat and moisture to the atmosphere and thereby affect weather patterns Currents can also transport heat from warm areas to cool areas and vice versa
400
What is carbon sequestration?
The capture and storage of carbon.
400
What is the biological pump?
The term “Biological Pump” is used to refer to the movement of carbon to the deep ocean.
400
How do plankton blooms lead to dead zones?
When plankton die, they settle to the bottom and decompose. Bacteria that eat decomposing plankton, use up oxygen as they decompose the plankton. In hypoxic (low DO) or anoxic (no DO) environments, fish and other mobile organisms will leave. Those organisms that cannot or do not leave will die off.
400
What 3 types of proof do we have of global warming?
-Temperature and CO2 data -Glaciers Melting -Sea Level Rise
400
What does SST stand for?
Sea Surface Temperature
500
How is marine life affected by ocean acidification?
Sensitive ecosystems like coral reefs may decline due to change in pH and slower construction of coral exoskeletons. Reduced abundance of small shelled organisms may cause problems for those larger species that prey upon them for food
500
How does the biological pump bring carbon from the surface to bottom of the ocean?
As phytoplankton die and decompose, carbon settles to the deep ocean Carbon moves up the food chain as primary consumers like zooplankton eat phytoplankton, then when they die and decompose the carbon settles to the deep ocean.
500
What is it called when dissolved oxygen is 0 mg/L?
Anoxic
500
Compare and contrast how the greenhouse effect has affected earth, mars, and venus.
Mars - all carbon in ground, really cold -50 C Earth- 0.03% carbon in atmosphere , warm and getting warmer. 15C Venus-96% carbon in atmosphere, 420 C
500
Describe what happens during an La Nina?
La Niña causes mostly the opposite effects of El Niño. La Niña is characterized by unusually cold ocean temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific
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