Biases
Observational bias that occurs when people only search for something where it is easiest to look
What is the streetlight effect?
The manipulated variable in an experiment
What is the independent variable?
What is the mode?
This theory explains how stars and planets form from solar nebulae
What is condensation theory?
What are carbon compounds?
A flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample
What is a sampling bias?
There may be many of these such variables in an experiment. Changes in these variables are monitored.
The middle number in an ordered list.
What is the median?
The Earth, ocean and atmosphere all accumulated in layers sorted by this
What is density?
In order for amino acids, simple sugars, and even nucleotides to form spontaneously there must be an absence of this
What is atmospheric oxygen or free oxygen?
The act of pointing to data that seem to confirm a particular position, while ignoring data that may contradict that position
What is cherry picking?
Bias caused by the effects of interviewers on respondents
What is interviewer bias?
The quotient of the sum of a set of values and the number of values in a set
What is the arithmetic mean or average?
What is outgassing?
Our sun is this type of star
What is a red giant?
This occurs when an individual inserts him/herself into a group, causing a bias in the sample. The individual chooses themself to participate in a study.
What is self-selection bias?
An experimental study in which researchers randomly assign individuals to either an experimental or a control group and expose the experimental group to the manipulated variable of interest.
What is a randomized controlled trial?
a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
What is standard deviation?
This stage in a star's life occurs just before nucleosynthesis
What is a protostar?
The evolution of living organisms from simple organic building blocks
What is biosynthesis?
This bias occurs when volunteers are screened ahead of participation in a survey.
An experiment in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows whether the participant has received the treatment or the placebo
What is a double-blind study?
When averages are taken across different groups, they can appear to contradict the overall averages
What is Simpson's paradox?
This thin cloud is believed to have given rise to our sun and solar system
What is a solar nebula?
This is the age of the oldest known fossils of life on Earth
What is 3.4 or 3.5 billion years old?