The abundant building blocks required for marine organisms to build their skeletons and shells.
What is calcium carbonate.
100
What is the typical salinity of seawater?
35 parts per thousand
100
The explorer who holds the record for the deepest solo dive.
Who is Who is James Cameron.
100
A gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range.
What is a greenhouse gas?
100
What is the difference between a seamount and a guyot?
A seamount is essentially an underwater mountain that may or may not emerge from the surface. A guyot is a flat-topped seamount formed from waves and water movement.
200
The invertebrate group with five-part radial symmetry, spiny skin, and tube feet.
Two reasons that animals are known to utilize bioluminescence in the absence of visible light.
What is warn predators, lure prey, communicate.
200
This event in global history is thought to have triggered the rapid spike in carbon dioxide emissions beginning in the early 1800's
What is the Industrial Revolution?
200
Contrast between passive and active continental margins. Give an example of each.
Passive continental margins are characterized by continental slopes and growing ocean basins (Atlantic). Active continental margins are characterized by deep trenches and shrinking ocean basins (Pacific).
300
The only Cephalopod known to have a “bone”, this invert has a slightly flattened body and mainly inhabits shallow coastal waters.
What is Cuttlefish.
300
What happens to most of the oil during a deepwater oil spill?
It dissolves
300
Cold seawater percolating down through fissures in the ocean crust and coming in contact with hot magma, thereby reemerging at temperatures over 340 degree Celcius.
What is hydrothermal vents.
300
How might climate change lead to a "freshening" of seawater?
Melting ice sheets will release freshwater in the poles reducing salinity.
300
Creates the oceanic crust; a type of igneous rock.
Basalt
400
The most venomous marine animal in the ocean.
What is Australian box jellyfish.
400
Why is siliceous (Si) sediment found at greater depths that calcareous sediment (Ca)?
Calcium carbonate dissolves at greater depths due to high pressure and low temperature.
400
The process by which deep sea bacteria are able to convert toxic vent minerals into usable forms of energy.
What is chemosynthesis?
400
How does climate change increase the intensification (but not necessarily quantity) of hurricanes?
Warmer water temperatures and increased sea level can create powerful hurricanes with large storm surges.
400
What are two ways terrestrially derived sediment may reach the open ocean?
Wind, Icebergs
500
Among the simplest of multi-cellular animals, sea sponges are efficient filter feeders using these two mechanisms.
What are tiny pores and flagella.
500
Explain the ocean's carbonate buffer system.
When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it dissociates and forms bicarbonate. The hydrogen ions from bicarbonate can then dissociate again forming carbonate. The hydrogen ions act as a buffer and allow pH to remain stable and not become too basic or acidic
500
The force per unit area exerted by a liquid on an object. This force increases the deeper you dive.
What is hydrostatic pressure.
500
Scientists have identified how many mass extinctions in Earth's geological history?
Five. Some have hypothesized that a sixth mass extinction is currently taking place.