Formation of the Ocean
Seafloor Features
Ocean Zones
Ocean Layers
Miscellaneous
100
Evidence suggests that Earth's oceans began to form when?
4.2 billion years ago
100
Where is new seafloor created?
at mid-ocean ridges
100
Name the 3 ocean zones of light.
1. surface/sunlit
2. middle/twilight
3. deep/midnight
100
Name the 3 ocean layers.
1. temperature
2. salinity
3. density
100
Describe the water cycle
evaporation, condensation, precipitation
200
Oceans were formed when precipitation filled low areas on Earth called what?
basins
200
Identify the mid-ocean ridge
#10
200
What is the chemical process in which light energy, water, and carbon dioxide are converted into sugar?
Photosynthesis
200
Temperature, salinity, and density vary in the top ______m of Earth’s oceans.
1,000 m
200
Water covers ___% of Earth's surface, ___% of which is salt water.
70%, 97%
300
Name the sources of Earth’s oceans.
1. Condensation and precipitation of water that was added to the atmosphere by ancient volcanoes
2. ice from comets and asteroids that collided with Earth
300
Identify the continental margin + its parts
3 parts:
(#1) continental shelf (#2)continental slope (#3) continental rise
300
What are the 4 physical characteristics scientist use to divide the ocean into zones?
1. sunlight
2. temperature
3. salinity
4. density
300
What is the approximate temperature of water below a depth of 1,000 m?
~4℃
300
Seawater has an average salt content of ____ ppt.
35 ppt
400
Why has the volume of Earth’s oceans has remained constant since the oceans formed?
1) No new water is being added from comets/asteroids.
2) Volcanoes are much less active on Earth's surface, so they are not adding as much water vapor to the atmosphere.
3) The water on Earth’s surface is recycled through the water cycle
400
Identify 4, 8, & 9
4. seamounts
8. abyssal plain
9. submarine canyons
400
The middle zone begins below the _________ zone and reaches a depth of about __________m.
1. surface
2. 1,000m
400
Why is the surface water warm in tropical regions?
intense sunlight warms surface water in tropical regions
400
From the reading, what is a mineral deposit that can be found on the abyssal plains?
Manganese deposits
500
Why is ocean water salty?
Rain washed over rocks and picked up substances that form salts. Rivers and streams carried these substances into the oceans.
500
List 2 main categories of resources on or beneath the ocean floor.
1. energy resources
2. minerals
500
Most bioluminescent deep-sea organisms emit what color light? Why?
blue green light; wavelengths of blue and green light reach deepest into the ocean
500
According to the graph, at what depth is the ocean the least saline in temperate or tropical regions?
about 700m
500
Give 3 ways that humans are dependent on the oceans.
Answers vary
Ex: jobs, fishing (food), recreation, tourism, etc.