Module 6
Arguments for and against Performance-Based regulations.
For: Allows for flexible application and customized effort.
Against: Can lead to concerns of arbitrariness, unless there are detailed written interpretations of what constitutes as compliance.
Are usually reactive by design.
List 6 characteristics of adult learners as described by Malcom Knowles.
1. Adults need to have a reason to learn.
2. Adults bring a wealth of experience prior to learning.
3. Adults are self directed learners - take responsibility for their own learning.
4. Adult learning focuses on solving 'real-world' problems
5. Adults a motivated to learn by personal factors.
6. Adults are more engaged if learning is contextual.
List 3 characteristics for a leader and a manager
Leader:
1. Focuses on people and relationships
2. Motivates people
3. Has followers - can be anywhere in the organization
Manager:
1. Has an authority relationship
2. Has people reporting to them
3. coordinates and directs time
Define ethics
The science of morals in human behavior. Also moral principles.
What is meant by the term safety program?
A safety program has the goal of achieving a safe and healthy workplace through the prevention of accidents, injuries and occupational illnesses.
Accomplished by applying well established activities and assigning persons in the organization with responsibilities for completing these activities. The key point is that the program is dependent upon ACTIONS to be a program.
What is the definition of jurisdiction?
The extent of a legal or other authority; the territory it extends over.
What are the 5 P's for presentations?
Prepare - thinking, reading, writing, practicing.
Pinpoint - zero in on one main idea.
Personalize - common ground for listeners.
Picturize - clear mental picture for listeners.
Prescribe - tell them what you want them to do with this information.
Describe the difference between leaders and managers
Leaders focus on people, influencing them and motivating them to accomplish goals. They can be found throughout an organization, regardless of title.
Managers have specific titles and prescribes organizational responsibilities to plan, organize, lead and control resources.
List three reasons why ethical issues are especially challenging
- The stakes are often very high
- Many information sources are often unreliable
- There are no required professional standards for OH&S
Why are safety programs necessary?
2 reasons:
Legal - workplaces and virtually all legal jurisdictions are required to meet minimum legal requirements for safety programming.
Practical - having a program to prevent occupational injuries and illnesses, as well as other accident losses is good business.
Arguments for and against Prescriptive regulations.
For: - Generally more straight-forward to enforce, since compliance is objective.
Against: - Generally inflexible and are often used for serious hazards where interpretations and variance is not wanted.
- Can be frustrating to comply with if the exact method of compliance seems unsuited to some situations.
1. know your audience - should suit the listeners level of understanding.
2. know your purpose - are you delivering or requesting information?
3. know your topic - be aware of all factors and details.
4. anticipate objections - often arise due to misunderstandings.
5. present a rounded picture - communicate the benefits for both parties.
List three change strategies for safety practice.
Effective communication:
- Making presentations and conducting safety-related training
- Posting safety promotion materials and communicate that the desired safety message.
Building a business case:
- You can use a business case to introduce change and manage cost. Many safety business cases are based on regulatory compliance and the consequences of not complying.
Finding allies:
- Use your allies to help you communicate safety messages.
List 4 examples of ethical misconduct as described in "Professional Ethics in OH&S"
1. Moral justification - Individuals reconstrue hard to others in ways that appear morally justifiable.
2. Advantageous comparison - Comparison of unethical behavior with even worse behavior to make the original behavior seem justifiable.
3. Euphemistic language - Use of morally neutral language to make unethical conduct seem benign or less harmful.
4. Dehumanization - Recasting victims of unethical behavior as "less than human" or unworthy of human treatment.
List 5 techniques an instructor or presenter should consider using.
1. have a strong base of knowledge of the topic.
2. use simple, focused visuals.
3. use stories, humor, and illustrations.
4. Consider the learners point of view.
5. maintain 'control' of the agenda and activities.
What is required for a program to be effective?
- Supported by upper management
-Developed with involvement from all parts of the organization.
-Detailed in an administrative manual in order to establish and communicate program requirements.
-Implemented and supported by training.
Acted upon with individuals held accountable for fulfilling their responsibilities.
-Monitored for results included in annual review to facilitate continuous improvement.
List 5 things you should know prior to giving a presentation.
1. Know your audience
2. Know the level of your audiences prior knowledge
3. Know the average age of your audience
4. Do you need equipment and supplies?
5. Are they there voluntarily or out of obligation?
List and describe three main steps for promoting safety
Setting goals:
-Safety promotion is usually successful when measurable and realistic goals are set. These goals have the most impact when they are developed by stakeholders themselves.
Implementing action plans:
- Once safety goals have been set, you need to develop mechanisms to achieve them.
Measuring and tracking goals:
- To track your progress, you can communicate key milestone accomplishments, celebrate success, and share in failures with stakeholders.
What does the BCRSP code of conduct say about the OH&S professionals obligation for ongoing professional development?
Certificants are required to:
continue development throughout their career and support and encourage fellow certificants to develop skills, knowledge and abilities.
What activities are common for every safety program, and how do they relate to the minimum legal requirements for program content?
-Establishment of policy statements signed by the senior manager.
-Inspection of premises to prevent and correct hazards.
-Development of supplementary written instructions for tasks with significant risk.
-Discussion of injury/accident trends at management meetings and discussion of how to prevent incidents.
-Maintaining records and statistics.
-Establishment of a health and safety committee.
What is the primary difference between Shannon and Weavers 'linear model' and Barnlunds 'transactional' model?
Why is this modification important?
Linear model looks at communication as one-way, someone giving information to another.
Transactional model describes communication as a two-way process.
Value: feedback allows for the sender to confirm that the message was sent and received in the way it was intended.
List the five guiding principles for OH&S leadership
1. Taking responsibility for establishing and creating a positive safety culture and climate.
2. Making OH&S policies a priority and applying them consistently across the organization over time.
3. Having 'unequivocal commitment' of an organizational board and senior management.
4. Communicating openly at all levels of the organization. Encouraging collaboration between all stakeholders.
5. Valuing employees, and promoting active worker participation in the development and implementation of OH&S measures.
What does the BCRSP code of conduct say about the OH&S professionals obligation regarding confidentiality?
Certificants are required to:
Protect the confidentiality of all acquired information and disclose such information only when properly authorized or when legally obligated to do so.