🧠 Gray Matters
Which of the following is the primary function of the Circle of Willis?
a) Pathway for seizure discharges
b) Collateral blood circulation
c) Cerebrospinal fluid circulation
d) Neuronal connections between hemispheres
Answer: b) Collateral blood circulation
Which EEG abnormality is most likely in a patient with a left frontal astrocytoma?
a) Generalized delta
b) Left frontal focal spike activity
c) Right hemispheric delta
d) Burst suppression
Answer: b) Left frontal focal spike activity
The gold standard for diagnosing psychogenic nonepileptic seizures is:
a) Serum prolactin levels
b) Video-EEG recording
c) Absence of tongue biting
d) Negative physical injuries
Answer: b) Video-EEG recording
Which of the following is NOT a physiological artifact in EEG?
a) Eye movement
b) Perspiration
c) Glossokinetic response
d) 60 Hz interference
Answer: d) 60 Hz interference
What is the most common indication for initiating continuous EEG (cEEG) in the ICU?
a) Stroke
b) Nonconvulsive seizures
c) Increased ICP
d) Pseudo seizure
Answer: b) Nonconvulsive seizures
Which of the following is a white matter disease with long tract signs and late seizures?
a) Leukoencephalopathy
b) Polioencephalopathy
c) Spinocerebellopathy
d) Progressive supranuclear palsy
Answer: a) Leukoencephalopathy
Which EEG pattern is considered a good prognostic sign in a comatose patient?
a) Burst suppression
b) No background change to stimuli
c) Desynchronization of background to stimuli
d) Electrocerebral inactivity
Answer: c) Desynchronization of background to stimuli
What is the chief difference between cluster headaches and migraine headaches?
a) Cluster headaches are more common in women
b) Cluster headaches are always bilateral
c) Cluster headaches occur in cyclical patterns
d) Cluster headaches are triggered by visual aura
Answer: c) Cluster headaches occur in cyclical patterns
Which of the following is a normal variant seen in drowsy children aged 6-10 years?
a) K-complexes
b) 14 and 6 Hz positive spikes
c) Sleep spindles
d) POSTS
Answer: b) 14 and 6 Hz positive spikes
Which of the following is a normal finding in the EEG of a healthy adult during drowsiness?
a) Sleep spindles
b) POSTS
c) Attenuation of alpha rhythm
d) 3 Hz spike and wave
Correct answer: c) Attenuation of alpha rhythm
Which hormone is produced in the pituitary gland?
a) LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
b) Insulin
c) Cortisol
d) Thyroxine
Answer: a) LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
What is the most common EEG finding in a patient with a subdural hematoma?
a) Generalized spike and wave
b) Attenuation of background in the affected hemisphere
c) 3 Hz spike and wave
d) Hypsarrhythmia
Answer: b) Attenuation of background in the affected hemisphere
What is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage?
a) Trauma
b) Hypertension
c) Tumor
d) Infection
Answer: b) Hypertension
Which of the following is a common cause of artifact in the ICU?
a) IV drip
b) 60 Hz
c) Movement of staff
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Which of the following does NOT attenuate the alpha rhythm?
a) Eye opening
b) Drowsiness
c) Active mental concentration
d) Eye closing
Correct answer: d) Eye closing
Which structure is responsible for connecting the right and left cerebral hemispheres?
a) Internal capsule
b) Basal ganglia
c) Corpus callosum
d) Fornix
Answer: c) Corpus callosum
Which of the following is a common EEG pattern in Alzheimer's disease?
a) Increased beta
b) Slowing of alpha rhythm below 8 Hz
c) Hypsarrhythmia
d) OIRDA
Answer: b) Slowing of alpha rhythm below 8 Hz
Which of the following is a rare progressive cerebrovascular disorder named for its "puff of smoke" appearance on angiogram?
a) Moyamoya Disease
b) Huntington's Disease
c) Sturge-Weber Syndrome
d) Wilson's Disease
Answer: a) Moyamoya Disease
Which artifact is most likely to be seen during photic stimulation, especially in patients with cerebral death?
a) Glossokinetic artifact
b) Sweat artifact
c) Electroretinogram (ERG)
d) Pulse artifact
Correct answer: c) Electroretinogram (ERG
Which of the following is a secure connection on the internet that uses cryptographic methods to limit user access?
a) Peer-to-peer link
b) VPN
c) PKA broadband
d) ESPN
Correct answer: b) VPN
What is the primary neurotransmitter used by the parasympathetic nervous system?
a) Dopamine
b) Acetylcholine
c) Serotonin
d) GABA
Answer: b) Acetylcholine
Which of the following is a common EEG finding in a patient with a right middle cerebral artery thrombosis?
a) Left sided paralysis, primarily of the leg
b) Left sided paralysis, primarily of the face and arm
c) Right homonymous hemianopsia
d) Aphasia
Answer: b) Left sided paralysis, primarily of the face and arm
Which of the following is a sign of increased intracranial pressure?
a) Papilledema
b) Nystagmus
c) Aphasia
d) Myoclonus
Answer: a) Papilledema
What artifact is most likely to mimic frontal slowing on an EEG, even when eye leads are used?
a) Glossokinetic artifact
b) Pulse artifact
c) Sweat artifact
d) EKG artifact
Correct answer: c) Sweat artifact
Which of the following is the main function of the amplifier in an EEG system?
a) To store patient data
b) To increase the amplitude of bioelectric signals
c) To analyze EEG waveforms
d) To display video
Correct answer: b) To increase the amplitude of bioelectric signals