Daniel Levinson
A comprehensive theory of adult development comprised of sequence-like stages shaped by an event r action that leads into the next stage.
What is Seasons of Life theory?
Psychiatrist George Vaillant developed this theory based on research of over 800 men and women spanning 60 years where he identified six adult life tasks that must be successfully accomplished in order for a person to mature as an adult.
What is Adult Tasks Theory?
These four researchers provided the lens for academics and practitioners to use when analyzing and understanding the operation of an organization based on complexity theory.
Who are Stacy, Wheatley, Black, and Morgan?
Classical Organization Theory evolved during the first half of the century. It represents a merger of these three theories.
What are scientific management, bureaucratic theory, and administrative theory?
This movement evolved as a reaction to the tough, authoritarian structure of classical theory.
What is the "Human Relations Movement"?
This is the stage in which a person leaves adolescence and begins to make changes about adult life to include choosing to go to college or enter workforce - Age 17-22.
What is Early Adult Transition?
Task which states an adolescent must establish an identity that allows a separation from parents with an identity that consist of values, passions and beliefs.
What is Developing an Identity?
Complexity theory is better known in Mathematics, the natural sciences and the development of Algorithms in computer science. In the field of OD, it is concerned with the emergence of these two elements in complex and chaotic organization systems.
What is ORDER and STRUCTURE?
He developed scientific management theory, often called "Taylorism" at the beginning of the century?
Who is Frederick Taylor?
This theory displayed genuine concern for human needs.
What is Neoclassical Organization Theory?
Lifestyle changes often occur in this stage that could be mild or severe which could involve such things as getting married or having children which impact one's lifestyle.
What is Age 30 Transition?
This task allows a person to have a reciprocal relationship with another person which involves expanding one's sense of self to include another person.
What is Development of Intimacy?
In complexity theory, the future is unknowable and as such the ability to do this is absolutely critical to ongoing organizational effectiveness.
What is LEARN?
1.) Find the one "best way" to perform each task.
2.) Carefully match each worker to each task.
3.) Closely supervise workers, and use reward/punishment as motivators.
4.) The tasks of management is planning and control.
What are the four basic principles of the scientific management theory?
One of the first experiments to challenge the classical view was conducted in the 1920's at this location in Hawthorne, IL. While manipulating conditions in the work environment, it was discovered that any change had a positive impact on productivity.
What is Western Electric Plant?
In this stage, one often begins to establish a routine, makes progress on goals and begin behaving as an adult. People in this stage have more responsibilities.
What is Settling Down?
In this task, a job turns into a career once one has contentment, compensation, competence, and commitment.
What is Career Consolidation?
Too much of this will stagnant the organization and prevent proactive adaptive change, and too little, the organization becomes impossible to manage.
What is too much STABILITY?
He expanded on Taylor's theories, and stressed the need to reduce diversity and ambiguity in organizations. The focus was on establishing clear lines of authority and control.
Who is Max Weber?
The act of paying attention to employees in a friendly and nonthreatening way was enough by itself to increase output. This was referred to as the ____ theory of productivity.
What is the "WART" Theory of Productivity?
This time period is sometimes one of crisis. A person begins to evaluate his/her life with value changes and society views may also change. Drastic life changes may occur such as divorce or career changes.
What is Mid-Life Transition?
These are the final three (3) tasks of Vaillant's theory which involves the unselfish will and capacity to give, passing on the traditions of the past to the next generation, and achieving a sense of peace and unity with respect to one's life.
What are Generativity, Becoming Keeper of the Meaning, and Achieving Integrity?
Change can't be managed in a complex system. Change must be ___.
What is change must be SUPPORTED?
This theory was formalized in the 1930's by Mooney and Reiley. The emphasis was on establishing a universal set of management principles that could be applied to all organizations.
What is Administrative Theory?
The Hawthorne experiment is viewed by some as being disturbing because it cast doubts on our ability to evaluation the efficacy of new management theories. An organization might continually involve itself in the latest management fads to produce a continuous sting of of Hawthorne effects resulting in this type of behavior.
What is wheel spinning and cynicism?