Diabetics
Which of the following is considered first-line pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus?
A) Metformin
B) Insulin
C) Glipizide
D) Pioglitazone
Answer: A) Metformin
Which of the following beta-blockers is preferred for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
A) Atenolol
B) Metoprolol succinate
C) Propranolol
D) Bisoprolol
Answer: B) Metoprolol succinate
Which inhaled medication is considered first-line maintenance therapy for persistent asthma?
A) Inhaled corticosteroid
B) Long-acting muscarinic antagonist
C) Theophylline
D) Oral corticosteroid
Answer: A) Inhaled corticosteroid
Which of the following is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly used for depression?
A) Amitriptyline
B) Sertraline
C) Haloperidol
D) Lithium
Answer: B) Sertraline
Which class of diabetes medications is most associated with weight loss?
A) Sulfonylureas
B) GLP1 inhibitors
C) DPP-4 inhibitors
D) Thiazolidinediones
Answer: B) GLP1 inhibitors
Which of the following medications is most likely to cause hyperkalemia in patients with chronic heart failure?
A) Furosemide
B) Spironolactone
C) Amlodipine
D) Metoprolol tartrate
Answer: B) Spironolactone
Which of the following is a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) used in COPD?
A) Salbutamol
B) Ipratropium
C) Salmeterol
D) Prednisone
Answer: C) Salmeterol
Which antipsychotic is associated with the highest risk of metabolic syndrome?
A) Haloperidol
B) Quetiapine
C) Aripiprazole
D) Clozapine
Answer: D) Clozapine
A patient with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease should be considered for which of the following agents due to proven cardiovascular benefit?
A) Acarbose
B) Liraglutide
C) NPH insulin
D) Glimepiride
B) Liraglutide
Which antiplatelet agent is recommended for secondary prevention after a myocardial infarction?
A) Warfarin
B) Aspirin
C) Rivaroxaban
D) Dabigatran
Answer: B) Aspirin
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in COPD?
A) ICS are recommended as monotherapy in all COPD patients
B) ICS are mainly indicated in COPD patients with frequent exacerbations despite LABA/LAMA therapy
C) ICS are contraindicated in all COPD patients
D) ICS are only used in acute asthma attacks
Answer: B) ICS are mainly indicated in COPD patients with frequent exacerbations despite LABA/LAMA therapy
Which antidepressant is most associated with QT interval prolongation and should be used cautiously in patients with cardiac disease?
A) Sertraline
B) Citalopram
C) Bupropion
D) Mirtazapine
Answer: B) Citalopram