IBM and HP were trying to balance themselves between these two business models during the rise of Japanese competition
What are the OEBM and NEBM?
100
In this decade, IBM and HP began to look for employment in foreign countries, which is one of the key features of the NEBM
What is outsourcing labor?
100
Despite HP's attempts to maintain OEBM policies, they failed to maintain this policy
What is intra-firm mobility?
100
Beginning in the 1920s, this phrase was used to describe people who remained at one company for their entire career.
What is an organization man?
200
This decade saw the end of post-war property and the onset of stagflation
What is 1970s?
200
In 1985, IBM controlled more than 70% of this market
What is main-frame computer market?
200
In 1999, this company was the largest telecommunications equipment company
What is Lucent?
200
Lucent's executives engaged in this which entailed making loans to customers to purchase Lucent products, ultimately leading to its downfall
What is vendor financing?
200
Anticipating the passage of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, AT&T did this in order to prepare for a more open telecom market.
What is "trivestiture"?
300
This company did the following: "gave all its...employees access to group life insurance, and the company added survivor benefits in 1935"
What is IBM?
300
U.S. corporations were legitimizing downsizing the labor force as well as paying dividends and stock-buybacks in the focus of doing this
What is maximizing shareholder value?
300
Unlike IBM, HP sustained its commitment to this, during the 1990s
What is employment security?
300
In December 2004, IBM sold its PC business to this Chinese company
What is Lenovo?
300
When IBM began transitioning to the NEBM, it outsourced its operating system to this fledgling company.
What is Microsoft?
400
This company was founded in Cleveland, Ohio and began manufacturing telegraph equipment for Western Union
What is Lucent?
400
These innovative achievements helped distinguish Japan from the U.S. during the 1980s
What is organizational learning, stable-shareholding, permanent employment, and main-bank lending?
400
HP provided employees with the ability to change job positions in the event that theirs became obsolete or needed
What is intra-firm mobility?
400
This CEO took over as the head of HP in 1999 and immediately started cutting jobs, she also ran for president in 2016
Who is Carly Fiorina?
400
Lucent took advantage of this during the first 4 years of its existence in order to increase its revenue growth rate.
What is the Internet boom?
500
After WWII, this firm laid off most of the women who had been wartime production workers
What is HP?
500
HP's transition to the NEBM was encouraged a shift from proprietary technology to this
What is industry technology?
500
During the 1990s, IBM switched its business out of hardware and into ___.
What is services?
500
Lucent's inability to use ______ "to sell stock on the market to pay off debt or augment the corporate treasury" is one of the reasons they failed to succeed in the NEBM
What is speculative stock market (NASDAQ)?
500
Nicknamed "Big Blue", this company was founded in 1911 in Endicott, New York.