Anxiety
triggered by the moment people learn that they must give a speech
pre-preparation anxiety
the practice of sitting in a quiet place, relaxing muscles, breathing slowly, with a mantra or prayer
Meditation
Dealing with pre-performance anxiety by allowing it to pass and then declare confidence
Stop-time technique
the most enduring judgments or standards of what we hold dear in life
Values
Protects the right to free speech.
First Amendment
triggered when a person begins to prepare a speech.
preparation anxiety
Involves the speaker inhaling and allowing the abdomen to expand.
Stress-control breathing
Encouraging yourself with positive thoughts before a performance
Positive self-talk
Helps public speakers distinguish between ethical and non-ethical behavior
Ethical Theories
Must be balanced with the responsibilities that come with it.
Free Speech
trigger by the point a person realizes they will be giving a speech.
pre-performance anxiety
mentally seeing yourself giving a quality speech
Visualization
derived from the Greek word, ethos, meaning "character"
Ethics
A type of ethics governed by the end result of our conduct
Consequential ethics
Speech that provokes violence, slander, invades one's privacy.
Illegal
affects most people at the onset of the speech.
performance anxiety
Gives the speaker a sense of control over physical feelings of anxiety
Meditation (or) breathing.
the study of how people should act toward one another-- moral conduct
Ethics
Follows widely accepted moral norms (e.g., the Ten Commandments)
Rules-based ethics
Offensive to people's descriptive, religious, or other characteristics.
Hate speech
The body's automatic physiological reaction to a threatening or scary event.
fight-or-flight response
the practice of using natural gestures, or walking behind or before the podium.
movement.
the responsibilities speakers have when seeking influence over others
communications ethics
Strives to develop positive character traits such as truthfulness, civility, modesty, courage, etc.
Virtue ethics
A combination of honesty and dependability that is important to a speaker's credibility
Trustworthiness