Translation
Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid (synonymous), what characteristic of the genetic code is this?
redundancy
Where does the regulator protein bind in an operon?
operator
What is called when acetyl groups are added to histones? When they are removed?
Acetylation; deacetylation
True or False: a base change from A to G is transition mutation.
True
Remember, transition were staying in the same family (purines), transversion we are trans-versing (pyrimidine vs. purine)
True or False: DNA replication occurs between meiosis l and meiosis ll.
faslse
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases catalyze the addition of an amino acid to which arm of the tRNA?
Acceptor arm
What type of operon is generally off and kept off by a repressor?
Inducible
DNA methylation causes decreased gene expression and mainly occurs where?
CpG islands
***This also occurs in prokaryotes!!!
True or False: if an animal has a somatic mutation, it will be affected but not its offspring.
True
In humans, which cells undergo meiosis?
Primary oocytes and spermatocytes
How many ribonucleotides long must the coding region of the mRNA be to make a protein that is 20 amino acids long?
63
If E. coli is grown in the presence of glucose and absence of lactose, and has a genotype of lacI+, O+, P+, Z-, Y+. What happens?
Low levels of cAMP; repressor bound to operator
Which molecule is responsible for X-chromosome inactivation?
Xist RNA
UV light causes what type of mutation?
Pyrimidine dimers
A dividing eukaryotic cell is treated with a drug that inhibits the activity of the spindle-assembly checkpoint. At which cell cycle stage would you predict that the cell would be blocked?
Mitosis
Where is the start codon located in eukaryotic mRNA?
You isolate an E. coli strain that fails to express the lac operon genes both in the absence and presence of lactose. What mutation(s) could cause this phenotype?
LacIs, P-. (Z-, Y-)
Alternative splicing is an example of which type of control of gene expression?
Post-transcriptional
Which DNA repair system repairs bulky DNA lesions such as thymine dimers?
nucleotide excision repair
A cell has 12 unreplicated chromosomes. How many chromatids will it have after going through S phase?
24
What type of bond forms between the carboxyl end of growing peptide chain and amine group of incoming amino acid during translation?
Peptide bond
What happens if there is no glucose and high lactose but the CAP binding site is mutated?
Low level of transcription
A mutation in the enhancer sequence would prevent the binding of what?
The activator
The addition or subtraction of a single base leads to which type of mutation?
Frameshift
A diploid organism's somatic cells have 20 chromosomes (2n=20). How many chromosomes are present in the cell during G2?
20