Thoracic Wall and Lungs
What type of joints are the sternocostal joints?
synovial
Where would you auscultate the Aortic semilunar valve on a patient?
In the 2nd intercostal space on the right side
What is contained within the carotid sheath?
Which nerve is responsible for somatic sensation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Trigeminal (CNV3) (mandibular)
What part of the brain does the middle cerebral artery supply?
lateral parts of frontal and parietal lobes
Internal thoracic artery
Right and left coronary dominance is defined by the vessel that gives rise to which artery?
Posterior interventricular artery
What are the branches off the external carotid artery? (8)
Superior thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, ascending pharyngeal (don't really need to know), maxillary, superficial temporal
Describe the path of cerebrospinal fluid
1. choroid plexus in lateral ventricle
2. interventricular foramen
3. 3rd ventricle
4. cerebral aqueduct
5. 4th ventricle
6. median and lateral apertures
7. subarachnoid space or central canal
8. arachnoid granulations
9. dural venous sinuses
10. superior sagittal sinus
anterior communicating artery
What muscles assist in forced inspiration?
accessory: SCM, scalenes, pec major, pec minor, serratus anterior, serratus posterior superior
S1: closure of the AV valves (tricuspid and bicuspid)
S2: closure of the semilunar valves
What is the clinical significance of the retropharyngeal space
can expand due to abcess or infection that restricts swallowing/breathing
and route for spread of infection into mediastinum
What kind of hematoma would most likely result from a ruptured middle meningeal artery?
epidural hematoma
A 56-year-old man presents with a history of pain for the last 12 months radiating down the posterior aspect of the thigh and leg. A radiographic examination reveals a herniated disc between the L5 and the S1 vertebral levels. Which of the following nerves is most likely affected by this herniated disc?
S1
warm/humidify air
Which step of the cardiac cycle are the coronary arteries maximally perfused?
Early ventricular diastole
What is Torticollis and how does it present?
Neck is laterally flexed and contralaterally rotated (SCM functions)
Damage to which cranial nerve would result in a loss of ability to elevate the scapula and laterally flex the neck?
Spinal accessory nerve CN XI
Primary blood supply to medial aspects of frontal and parietal lobes?
anterior cerebral artery
Explain thoracic outlet syndrome
3 types
clavicle caused: pinched neurovasculature at the costoclavicular space
scalene caused: pinched neurovasculature from scalenes
pec minor caused: pinching under pec minor
Describe cardiac tamponade
If extensive pericardial effusion exists, compromised volume of the sac does not allow full expansion of heart which limits how much blood the heart can receive --> reduces cardiac output
veins of face and neck become engorged because of the backup of the blood
Explain Horner's syndrome
Compression of sympathetic chain
Ptosis: drooping of eyelid due to lack of tone of smooth muscle of eyelid
miosis: constricted pupil
anhidrosis: lack of sweating
Damage to what nerve would result in loss of pupillary constriction?
CN II
innervation to the deep intrinsic back mucles?
dorsal rami