Arthritis/Orthopedic Conditions
Explain the difference in precautions for the anterolateral and posterolateral approaches for a hip replacement.
Ant: No add, hip extension > 90, ext rot.
Post: No add, hip flexion > 90, int. rot.
6-8 wks post operation
What are some interventions that can benefit a client with Parkinson's Disease?
Education on household modifications, assistive devices, developing habits and routines to foster participation
What is the difference between acute and chronic pain?
Acute: physiologic, psychological, and behavioral responses typically caused by tissue irritation or damage related to injury, disease, disability, or medical or rehabilitative procedures.
Chronic: pain that continues for more than 12 weeks, not consistent, hard to manage.
What is COPD, and what is its significance for occupational performance?
Includes two primary medical conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Hard to breathe and low energy decreases the ability to perform ADLs/IADLs.
What is the role of the occupational therapist in the prevention of pressure sores?
Readjusting, education, wound care as needed
What are some important areas to evaluate in clients with arthritis?
Attention to pain, joint stiffness, joint changes/deformity, fatigue, coping strategies, and limitations in activity. Keep in mind, client will vary depending on specific needs.
What changes in symptoms occur over the course of Alzheimer's Disease?
Starts with impairment in recent memory that worsens with time and includes at least one other cognitive deficit such as apraxia, aphasia, agnosia, or impaired executive function. Over time, the ability to learn deteriorates and the ability to recall old memories also declines.
What is the role of an OT in rehabilitation of an individual with limb amputation?
Facilitate return to maximum performance of daily occupations and roles that lead to a meaningful life. Independence in basic self-care tasks.
What can OT practitioners do to help prevent or reduce the incidence of COPD?
Suggest medical management and lifestyle changes. Avoid smoking and start treatment ASAP.
What is the first spinal cord lesion level that features full innervation of the UE musculature?
C1-C4
What are some symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?
Pain, joint stiffness, swelling, loss of flexibility, tenderness, weakness
What are the symptoms of MS?
Pain, fatigue, muscle spasms, tingling/numbness, vision impairment, lack of mobility, slurred speech, dizziness
Name three ADLs that should be addressed immediately after UE amputation.
Toileting, self-feeding, and oral hygiene
How would you teach energy conservation techniques to individuals who have cardiac or pulmonary disease?
Avoid increased activity rate, increased resistance, increased use of large muscles, increased involvement of the trunk muscles, raising one's arms, and isometric work (straining). Offer suggestions/modifications (sitting down, laying clothes out before bed)
What are some medical complications common among clients with SCI that can limit achievement of functional potential?
Neurogenic bladder, pressure injuries, autonomic dysreflexia, orthostatic hypertension, spasticity, heterotrophic ossification
During what activities would the OT suggest that a client opt not to utilize a sling following a shoulder replacement?
During therapeutic activities and when seated with the upper extremity in a supported position.
What should interventions be focused on for OT with individuals with dementia?
Supporting and maintaining capabilities, adapting tasks and environments, and compensating for declining function while trying to help them retain as much control as possible over their lives in the least restrictive environment.
What is the primary function of a prosthesis in the functional performance of various ADL and IADL tasks?
To increase task performance, save energy for the body, and decrease biomechanical stress on the sound limb.
Describe the appropriate evaluation content and approach for patients with cardiac and pulmonary problems.
HR, BP, signs and symptoms of cardiac/respiratory distress, o2 saturation, and possibly ECG readings during an assessment of tolerance to postural changes and during a functional task.
What is the prognosis for recovery of motor function in complete lesions and incomplete lesions?
Complete: motor function less likely to return; improvements can happen within first year
Incomplete: motor function is possible but varies
What is one key exercise that a person should perform multiple times daily following a shoulder replacement?
Distal AROM to avoid distal edema and to promote functional hand use.
How do the changes in symptoms with someone with dementia affect occupational performance?
Decline in independence, need more care, and need more of a supervised living environment
Describe treatment methods to reduce phantom limb pain.
Analgesics, acupuncture, electrical nerve stimulation, and mirror therapy, among others.
What is a MET, and what is the clinical value of a MET table for occupational therapists?
A MET is metabolic equivalent. It measures how much energy (oxygen) it takes to perform an activity. Table will help the OT to determine a logical intervention progression.
What are some OT interventions specific to sexual function for individuals with SCI?
Health promotion, remediation (different techniques), and modifications.