Animal Models
True or False: Although there are contradictions surrounding the changes in OPC proliferation in AD models, the general consensus about OPC proliferation in the early stages of life is that there is a decrease in proliferation.
false. increase in proliferation.
True or false: Mature oligodendrocytes are the main cells expressing BIN1
True
True or False: Oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation are through to be 3 molecular mechanisms involved in the death of oligodendrocytes in AD
True
True or False: Early-onset Alzheimer’s is much more prevalent than late-onset Alzheimer’s.
False. Early-onset accounts for 5-10% of cases.
The greatest amount of oligodendrocyte-associated DNA damage was seen in the:
1. Gray matter
2. White matter
3. Brainstem
4. Ventricles
1
The loss of myelin and oligodendrocytes results in
Improved capacity of OPCs
Decreased metabolic support of axons
Neurogenesis
Increased trophic support of axons
Which of the following pathways is thought to contribute to the toxicity of Aβ for oligodendrocytes?
nSMase (neutral sphingomyelinase)
aSMase (acidic sphingomyelinase)
bSMase (bacterial sphingomyelinase)
cholinesterase
1
Name 2 functions of oligodendrocytes in the CNS.
-Ion homeostasis
-Contributions to synaptic plasticity
- Regulation of energy balance/metabolic homeostasis
-Glutamate homeostasis
Name one result of BACE1 knockdowns in oligodendrocytes in APP model mice.
reduced hyper activity; decreased density and size of plaques
What is a gene that is downregulated in the hippocampus in AD, leading to excitotoxicity?
GOT2
Which two glutamate receptors have been shown to contribute to the detrimental effects of excitotoxicity on oligodendrocytes? Name one inhibitor of these receptors.
AMPA and NMDA. Memantine, MK801 and NBQX.
What is the name of the proposed theory suggesting that in AD, late myelinated regions break down first?
Neuropathologic retrogenesis
What two characteristics of myelin sheaths have been shown to decrease in mouse models of AD?
intranodal length and fiber length
Name one protein or lipid that decreases in AD according to biochemical analyses of post-mortem tissues?
MBP ,PLP ,CNPase, cholesterol
What protein kinase is a major therapeutic target in AD and why? Name the signaling pathway mentioned in association with one subunit of this kinase.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3. Wnt/B-catenin pathway.
Does myelin degradation seem to precede, occur simultaneously as, or follow apparent neuropathology?
Precede.