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What was the Franco-Prussian War?
France suffered a military defeat against Germany
It was an embarrassing defeat, beat logistically, strategically, and just the quality of their soldiers on the ground
Germany annexed two eastern provinces ALSACE, LORRAINE
Temporarily resides in the Palace of Versailles
Coubertin was 7 or 8 during this war
Why did Pierre De Coubertin think young french youth were soft?
bc they had not been exposed to physical education and sport experiences that would define the british public school
How many tries did it take for Pierre De Coubertin to create the IOC? In what years and which on was he successful in?
Took him three times to create the IOC 1892, 1893, 1894 - Sorbonne Conference
Lure the elites into the conferences, promise in discussion of amateurism, and flopped on the table reformed, revitalization of the Olympic Games and Olympic Times
What did Thomas Arnold supposedly reshape in the 1800s according to popular belief?
The British education system.
Who played a crucial role in sparking Coubertin's initial thoughts about reestablishing the Olympics in a modern context, alongside Thomas Hughes and Thomas Arnold?
William Penny Brookes.
What significant tradition did William Penny Brookes establish, which greatly influenced Coubertin's ideas about sport and education?
The Much Wenlock Tradition (1850-, annual), which involved the celebration of sports and athletic events.
What type of physical activity did German schools emphasize, contrasting with Coubertin's beliefs?
Gymnastics, not competitive sport.
Who was the first president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) during the Athens 1896 Olympics?
Demitrios Vikelas, a Greek man, served as the first president of the IOC from 1894 to 1896.
Give me a little information about Pierre de Coubertin?
Attended private schools, middle class, born new years day 1863, wanted to be in the military at firsta and also thought about being a lawyer
What was Coubertin's Education and Reflections on French Educational Methods?
He thought the path to military defeat would be physical activity in the french education system
He thought there was too much emphasis on academics and not enough on physical activity, which was why they were defeated by germany
Who is Frederic Lepay?
He promoted social peace and domestic harmony and was thought to be the central to this shift coubertin would experience, coubertin thought differently about sport because of LEPLAY.
What was the purpose of the Paris International Athletics Congress, also known as the Sorbonne Conference, held in 1894?
The Sorbonne Conference was organized by Pierre de Coubertin to discuss the ideology of amateurism and to garner support for the revival of the Olympic Games.
How did Pierre de Coubertin envision the role of sport in education?
Coubertin believed in the educational role of sport, specifically fostering physical fitness and moral development in youth, influenced by figures like Thomas Arnold, Thomas Hughes, and Hippolyte Taine.
What were the Original 9 Sports in The Athens Olympics Program and when and where was it hosted?
Athletics
Cycling
Fencing
Gymnastics
Shooting
Swimming
Tennis
Weightlifting
Wrestling
6-15 April 1896
How did Pierre de Coubertin influence the delegates at the Sorbonne Conference to support the revival of the Olympic Games?
Coubertin carefully managed the conference, creating an environment showcasing the glory of sport through performances and presentations, which persuaded delegates to shift their focus from amateurism to the revival of the Olympics.
What significant decision did William Penny Brookes make when he met Coubertin for the first time, despite being in his 80s?
Brookes decided to pass on the torch to Coubertin to carry on his idea of establishing an Olympic Tradition, recognizing potential in him to continue the legacy
Who did Coubertin befriend during his visit to the US in the 1800s, who later became an IOC member?
William Milligan Sloan
What organization did Coubertin help establish in 1890, amidst his evolving sense of internationalism?
The Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques (USFSA).
How did Coubertin connect his personal philosophy with the Olympic Games?
Coubertin believed that sport could cultivate better relations between men and different societies, aligning with his personal philosophy derived from his connection with the international peace movement.
What role did George Averoff play in the Athens 1896 Olympics?
George Averoff, a Greek businessman, largely funded the excavation and revitalization of the Ancient Panathenaic Stadium site, which was used for the 1896 Summer Olympics.
What inspired Panagiotis Soutsos to propose the idea of reviving the Ancient Greek Athletic Games?
Panagiotis Soutsos was inspired by the poem "Dialogue of the Dead" written in 1833, which recalled the glory of Ancient Greece and its Athletic Games, leading him to develop the concept of hosting the games on a rotational cycle.
How were the winners awarded at the Athens 1896 Olympics, and when were gold, silver, and bronze medals first instituted?
First-place winners at the Athens 1896 Olympics received a silver medal, a crown of olive branches, and a diploma, while second-place winners were given a bronze medal, a crown of laurel, and a diploma. Gold, silver, and bronze medals were first instituted in St. Louis in 1904.
How did William Penny Brookes and Pierre de Coubertin contribute to the understanding of the Zappas Games?
William Penny Brookes passed on knowledge about the Zappas Games to Coubertin, who learned about them through Brookes, contributing to their understanding outside of Greece.
What was one of the building blocks for Coubertin's Olympism regarding the connection between modern society and Ancient Greek sports?
Coubertin believed that the Ancient Greek connection with sport could be recaptured in modern society as a means of celebrating human greatness and possibility, influenced by figures like William Penny Brookes and Evangelis Zappas.
Who was Evangelis Zappas, and what was his contribution to the revival of the Olympic Games?
was a veteran of the Greek War of Independence and a wealthy individual originally from the northwest. He proposed the idea of hosting the Zappas Games on a rotational cycle every four years in locations such as Athens, Tripolis, Mesolongnion, and Hydes, inspired by the ancient Crown Games.