Extended Thinking
Develop a model to explain how temperature changes affect the motion of water particles in all three states.
Higher temperatures increase molecular motion, causing molecules to move faster and farther apart, transitioning water from solid (ice) to liquid (water) to gas (water vapor).
Based on observations, explain why water droplets form on the outside of a cold glass on a hot day.
Due to a process called condensation.
How does increasing temperature affect the movement of water molecules?
causes its molecules to move faster and more vigorously.
What are the three states of water?
solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (water vapor or steam).
what is an chemical reaction?
rusting of iron, burning of wood, digestion of food, cooking an egg, and mixing baking soda.
Design and carry out an investigation to determine how different surfaces affect the rate of evaporation.
placing the same amount of water on different surfaces (e.g., glass, plastic, paper) and measuring how quickly the water evaporates, either by observing water level changes or by weighing the surfaces before and after.
How would you design an experiment to show how temperature affects the rate of evaporation?
placing equal amounts of water at different temperatures (e.g., warm, room temperature, and cold) and measuring how much water evaporates over time.
How does decreasing temperature cause water to change from a liquid to a solid?
The water molecules lose kinetic energy and slow down.
What happens to water when it is heated?
The molecules gain kinetic energy, causing them to move faster and spread further apart.
How do you reverse an chemical reaction?
You can't reverse an chemical reaction
How could climate conditions impact the physical state of water in different environments?
increased flooding, droughts, and shifts in water availability and quality.
Predict what would happen if you placed an open cup of water in the freezer versus an open cup of water in a warm room.
n the freezer, water will eventually turn to ice; in a warm room, it will slowly evaporate.
Compare and contrast evaporation and condensation.
Evaporation is the change of a liquid to a gas, requiring heat energy, while condensation is the change of a gas to a liquid, releasing heat energy.
What happens to water when it is cooled below 0°C?
It typically turns into ice.
How can you reverse an physical change?
Physical changes can often be reversed because they don't alter the substance's chemical identity. For example, melting ice can be reversed by refreezing the water. Similarly, dissolving salt in water can be reversed by evaporating the water, leaving the salt behind.
Synthesize information from multiple sources to construct an argument about how water cycles through different states in nature due to temperature changes.
continuously moves water through solid, liquid, and gaseous states, affecting climate and ecosystems.
How can you use particle motion to explain why ice melts faster on a warm surface?
heat energy increases the kinetic energy of water molecules, causing them to vibrate more rapidly and eventually break free from the solid structure, transitioning into a liquid state.
What role does energy play in the changing states of water?
driving transitions between solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (water vapor).
What is the term for when a gas turns back into a liquid?
The process of a gas turning back into a liquid is called condensation. Condensation is the reverse of evaporation, where a liquid changes into a gas.
what is a physical change give an example?
A physical change is a change in the form or appearance of a substance without changing its chemical composition.
How could understanding the physical changes of water help engineers design better systems for water conservation?
allows for optimized water management strategies, reducing waste and ensuring sustainable water use.
Using evidence, argue why melting and freezing are examples of physical changes rather than chemical changes.
they involve a change in state (solid, liquid, or gas) without altering the chemical composition of the substance.
How can you demonstrate a physical change in water using common household items?
melting ice, boiling water, or letting steam from a shower condense on a mirror.
Does the chemical composition of water change when it changes state?
No, the chemical composition of water does not change when it changes state.
What happens when salt dissolves in water? Does this change its chemical composition?
Salt dissolves in water by breaking into smaller particles (ions) that spread throughout the liquid.
No, the chemical composition of salt (NaCl) does not change; it is still salt, just mixed into the water.