Landmarks and Palpation
This the spinal level that is aligned with the inferior angle of the scapula
What is T7?
A somatic dysfunction characterized by localized warmth, bogginess, moisture, severe tenderness falls under this category.
What is boggy?
According to Fryette's First Principle, vertebral sidebending and rotation will occur toward opposite sides under this spinal condition
What is neutral/type 1?
According to the thoracic Rule of Threes, the spinous process of the T5 vertebra is level with its own transverse processes by this specific vertical offset
What is half a segment below?
This specific spinal cord range provides the sympathetic motor innervation to the heart
What is T1-T5?
These are the 5 sequential steps of layer palpation performed in order from superficial to deep.
What are Observation, Temperature Assessment, Superficial Fascia Palpation, Muscle Palpation, Bone/Deep Structure Palpation?
A somatic dysfunction characterized by tissue that is ropy, cool, pale, dry, or fibrotic falls under this category.
What is chronic?
According to Fryette's Second Principle, vertebral sidebending and rotation will occur toward the same side under this mechanical condition
What is non-neutral (type 2)?
In the facet model, if a vertebra is symmetrical in flexion, but its left facet fails to close (approximate) in extension, it is classified as this type of somatic dysfunction
What is a Flexed dysfunction (specifically, FRrSr as the left facet is stuck open)?
According to the visceral innervation charts, this division of the autonomic nervous system has absolutely no innervation to the limbs
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
What is the red reflex (erythema friction rub)?
In the TART mnemonic, this represents the "R"
What is restriction of motion?
Fryette’s First and Second Principles apply strictly to these two regions of the spine
What are thoracic and lumbar regions?
This is the standard shorthand documentation format for a single-segment T8 somatic dysfunction that is flexed, rotated right, and sidebent right
T8 FRrSr
The localized paraspinal bogginess and tenderness found at T10–T11 in a patient with acute appendicitis is an example of this specific reflex arc
What is a viscero-somatic reflex?
What level is the iliac crest in males vs females?
In grading the erythema friction rub, this grade is given to a red reflex that persists for more than 30 seconds.
What is grade 3?
This biomechanical principle states that introducing motion to the spine in one plane will reduce its available motion in all other planes
What is Fryette's Third Principle?
In the facet model of spinal diagnosis, a patient’s vertebra is noted to have symmetrical facet closing (approximation) during extension, but during flexion, the right facet fails to fully open (separate). This is the resulting somatic dysfunction
What is extended, rotated right, sidebent right (ERrSr)?
Rationale: Symmetrical closing in extension but failure to open in flexion means the right facet is "stuck closed". Because it cannot slide open on the right, the vertebra is forced to rotate and sidebend to the right
Often referred to as the "second brain," this autonomic subdivision contains the Myenteric (Auerbach’s) and Submucosal (Meissner’s) nerve plexuses
What is the Enteric Nervous System (ENS)?
How can you tell apart C7 from T1?
What is C7 can move with neck flexion, T1 cannot? (or, C7 has the bony prominens)
This is the clinical term given to a primary somatic dysfunction that exhibits the greatest overall restriction of motion when examining multiple spinal segments
What is area of greatest restriction?
In the "BUM-BUL-BUM" mnemonic, these are the three directions that the superior articular facets face in the thoracic spine
What are Backward, Upward, and Lateral (BUL)?
According to the thoracic Rule of Threes, if you place your fingers on the bony bump of the T8 spinous process, how do you find the corresponding transverse process?
What is 1 full segment up?
These are the sympathetic spinal innervation levels for the kidneys and ureters
What is T10-L1 "from T10-L1, the kidneys run until they are done"