Insulin & Glucagon Basics
This hormone is released during hyperglycemia and allows glucose into cells.
What is insulin?
This drug is a biguanide.
What is metformin?
This is the most immediate life-threatening risk of insulin administration.
What is hypoglycemia?
When should a patient eat after short-acting insulin?
What is within 15 minutes?
This term describes normal blood glucose levels.
What is euglycemia?
A patient takes insulin but skips their meal. What is the priority risk?
What is hypoglycemia?
This hormone raises blood glucose by breaking down glycogen.
What is glucagon?
These drugs require functioning beta cells to work.
What are insulin stimulators (e.g., glipizide)?
Why must metformin be avoided in kidney disease?
What is risk of kidney failure?
Why must metformin be avoided in kidney disease?
What is skip the dose?
This lab must be monitored with SGLT2 inhibitors due to risk.
What is potassium (hyperkalemia)?
A patient takes metformin before a CT scan with contrast. What is the error?
What is should be stopped before and after contrast?
Why can insulin NOT be given orally?
What is it is destroyed by GI enzymes?
How do SGLT2 inhibitors lower blood glucose?
What is prevent glucose reabsorption → excreted in urine?
What serious complication can occur with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
What is pancreatitis?
When must acarbose/miglitol be taken?
What is at the beginning of a meal?
What ANC-type symptom indicates hypoglycemia?
What is sweating, confusion, tachycardia, hunger?
A patient on dapagliflozin + furosemide reports dizziness. Why?
What is dehydration from excessive urination?
Which diabetes type requires insulin for survival?
What is Type 1 diabetes?
Why won’t insulin stimulators work in Type 1 DM?
What is no functioning beta cells?
What symptom requires immediate reporting with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
What is severe abdominal pain radiating to back (pancreatitis)?
What drug interactions reduce effectiveness of diabetes medications?
What are oral contraceptives and antibiotics?
What is a concerning platelet-level equivalent concept here? (Hint: potassium risk)
What is hyperkalemia → arrhythmias?
A patient has polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Interpretation?
What is hyperglycemia/poorly controlled diabetes?
Explain how insulin lowers blood glucose at the cellular level.
What is increases membrane permeability → glucose enters cells?
Why is alcohol dangerous with thiazolidinediones?
What is causes hypo- or hyperglycemia?
What is the MOST dangerous long-term complication of uncontrolled DM? (Name one)
What is kidney failure / CV disease / blindness / stroke / amputation?
What is the MOST critical teaching for insulin safety?
What is always coordinate insulin with food intake?
Why are diabetic patients at higher risk for hyperkalemia?
What is renal impairment + meds?
Why are diabetic patients at higher risk for hyperkalemia?
What is severe hypoglycemia risk?