Replication
Which type of replication introduces controlled changes to specific variables or conditions of the original study to test the boundaries and robustness of the findings across slightly altered scenarios?
Systematic Replication
What is the primary purpose of the Methodological Chapter?
To describe the research method and allow critical assessment of credibility.
What statistic measures the strength or magnitude of a finding, helping to determine its practical significance in replication studies?
Effect Size
What is the difference between a population and a sample in research?
A population includes all individuals or items of interest, while a sample is a subset of the population selected for the study.
Which type of replication attempts to exactly repeat the procedures of the original study to verify the results?
b) Direct Replication
What type of replication aims to confirm the generalizability of a study’s findings by testing the hypothesis with a different experimental setup, population, or context?
Conceptual Replication
Name one key factor for strong data quality in replication studies.
Correctly estimated sample size.
What value indicates the probability that the observed results occurred by chance, often used to assess the significance of findings in replication studies?
p-value
Why is sampling used instead of studying an entire population?
Sampling is used to make research feasible and cost-effective, as studying the entire population is often impractical.
In a research study, the detailed description of the tools, participants, and procedures belongs in which chapter?
c) Methodology
Suppose a researcher conducted an experiment showing that people who listen to upbeat music while working on tasks are more productive than those who listen to no music. The study used 50 participants, each completing a series of tasks while either listening to upbeat music or in silence, and recorded task completion time as a measure of productivity.
For ______ _______, another researcher conducts the exact same experiment — using the same type of tasks, the same upbeat music playlist, the same measures of productivity, and a similar participant demographic (e.g., college students) — to see if the findings are consistent.
direct replication
What should be documented about study participants in the Participants Section?
Sample size, demographics, recruitment process, and ethical considerations.
What term is used for a dataset that accurately represents the population it aims to study?
Representative Sample
What is the main purpose of randomization in research studies?
The purpose of randomization is to reduce bias by ensuring that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group or condition.
What type of replication involves testing the same hypothesis as the original study but with different methods or conditions?
b) Conceptual Replication
In the original study, a researcher discovered that people who listen to upbeat music while working on tasks are more productive than those who work in silence, measuring productivity by task completion time in a sample of college students.
For ______ ______, another researcher replicates the study with slight but intentional modifications to examine specific aspects of the finding. For example, they might keep the same measure of productivity (task completion time) but introduce different types of music (e.g., classical, jazz, and upbeat pop) to see if upbeat music is uniquely effective. They might also include a new demographic group, such as high school students or older adults, to see if the effect of upbeat music on productivity varies by age.
systematic replication
In the Tools Section, what is recommended to describe each tool used for data collection?
Name, description, psychometric properties, and administration details.
What practice involves sharing all data, code, and materials openly to improve replication transparency
Open Data
________ ________ ________ involves dividing the population into subgroups (strata) and then randomly sampling from each subgroup to ensure representation.
Stratified random sampling (or Stratified randomization)
"What is the goal of stratified random sampling?"
b) To ensure that specific subgroups are represented in the sample
In the original study, a researcher found that people who listen to upbeat music while working on tasks are more productive than those who listen to no music, measured by task completion time.
For a ________ _________, a different researcher tests the same idea — that upbeat music enhances productivity — but changes some aspects of the experiment. Instead of using task completion time, they measure productivity through the number of correct responses on a series of problem-solving exercises. They might also use a different genre of music that is still considered upbeat, such as pop instead of instrumental, or test a different population (e.g., working professionals instead of college students).
conceptual replication
What is the recommended way to handle complex procedural details that don't fit in the main text?
Include them in appendices
What aspect of data quality assesses whether data consistently reflects what it is intended to measure?
Reliability
What is the primary benefit of using stratified random sampling over simple random sampling?
Stratified random sampling increases representativeness by ensuring that specific subgroups are proportionately represented in the sample.
"In the context of replication, what does 'reliability' refer to?"
c) The consistency of results when the study is repeated