Definitions
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Readings
100
This is the reproductive number. It describes HOW contagious an infectious disease is.
What is R0?
100
This occurs when a disease is maintained at a constant level in the population
What is "endemic"?
100
T/F. R0 and RT CANNOT ever be the same value.
False, they are the same at the beginning of the outbreak.
100
Define "crepuscular" activity in mosquitoes.
What is activity at dawn and dusk, twilight?
100
According to Aduhene and Cordy (2023), researchers concluded that mosquitoes that fed on blood from individuals with sickle cell trait (HbAS) where how many times more likely to get infected.
What is TWICE as likely?
200
This is an organism that can become infected with a pathogen but cannot spread the infection to others.
What is a "dead-end host"?
200
This disease has never been in a population before, it is novel.
What is an emerging disease?
200
In Carlson (2022), the authors conclude that holding global warming below 2 °C is unlikely to reduce future cross-species viral sharing because of this.
Because slower warming allows species to successfully track shifting climates, leading to more new overlaps.
200
Carlson, 2022 suggests that encounters with THIS mammal are going to increase viral transmission. However, we know this to possibly be a sampling bias issue.
What are bats?
200
While sickle-cell is a detrimental recessive genetic disorder, having one copy of the gene gives you THIS, which protects against malarial infections.
What is a "heterozygote advantage"?
300
This type of disease spreads between animals and people.
What is zoonotic?
300
These are the four subtypes of flu.
What are A, B, C, and D?
300
This is known as a "spillover" event.
What is "when a pathogen moves into a novel host species"?
300
Dead-end hosts are depicted here as these.
What are humans or horses?
300
Using to Garg, 2025, what is the best way for agricultural workers to protect themselves and others from HPAI?
What is PPE?
400
This is a living organism that carries and transmits infectious pathogens from one host to another without becoming infected.
What is a vector?
400
This is the ratio of deaths to overall cases of a disease. It begins to tell us "severity" or "burden".
What is Case-Fatality Rate?
400
According to Paz (2015), this can increase West Nile virus (WNV) transmission by increasing contact between birds and mosquitoes around limited water sources.
What are "drought conditions"?
400
From Crits-Christoph, this graphic suggests what?
Please explain.
400
In Rock (2009), the authors suggest adding this category to the One Health triad.
What is "social environments"?
500
This is a host within the lifecycle of a parasite or vector that is necessary for the earlier stages of its life cycle.
What is an "intermediate host"?
500
This is not a disease but rather an allergy triggered by the bite of a Lone Star Tick.
What is "alpha gal"?
500
This lives off a host (often harming it), whereas a vector is an agent that carries a pathogen.
What is a parasite?
500
The addition of this framework to the presence of a pathogen reduces the overall incidence and cost of that pathogen.
What is "the OneHealth framework"?
500
Introduced by Dazsak (2000), this concept describes diseases in "reverse spill-over".
What is "spill-back"?