Legal & Criminal Issues
Individuals with a gambling disorder are more likely than non-gamblers to:
A) Commit violent crimes exclusively.
B) Engage in criminal behaviour.
C) Be legally excused from responsibility.
D) Avoid contact with the justice system.
B) Engage in criminal behaviour.
Which statement best reflects the legal relevance of Gambling Disorder in criminal cases?
A) A diagnosis of Gambling Disorder automatically excuses criminal behaviour.
B) Gambling Disorder alone is sufficient for criminal non-responsibility.
C) Gambling Disorder may be relevant, but does not, by itself, establish non-responsibility.
D) Gambling Disorder is treated the same as psychotic disorders in court.
C) Gambling Disorder may be relevant, but does not, by itself, establish non-responsibility.
Internet gambling is best described as:
A) A new gambling type.
B) A mode of access to gambling.
C) Unregulated gambling.
D) Gambling with cryptocurrency.
B) A mode of access to gambling.
Gaming–gambling convergence refers to:
A) The replacement of gambling with gaming.
B) The overlap of gambling mechanics within gaming environments.
C) Video game addiction.
D) Skill-based gambling.
B) The overlap of gambling mechanics within gaming environments.
One reason jurisdictions legalize and regulate online gambling is:
A) To eliminate gambling.
B) To avoid enforcement difficulties and capture tax revenue.
C) To encourage gambling participation.
D) To replace land-based gambling.
B) To avoid enforcement difficulties and capture tax revenue.
Which illegal behaviours are most commonly associated with gambling disorder?
A) Assault and robbery.
B) Drug trafficking.
C) Theft, fraud, and embezzlement.
D) Cybercrime only.
C) Theft, fraud, and embezzlement.
Which statement best reflects how gambling disorder is viewed under criminal responsibility standards in Canada and the U.S.?
A) Gambling disorder is treated as sufficient grounds for criminal non-responsibility.
B) Gambling disorder negates criminal intent due to impaired impulse control.
C) Gambling disorder may be considered contextually, but rarely meets the threshold for non-responsibility.
D) Gambling disorder is legally equivalent to psychotic disorders.
C) Gambling disorder may be considered contextually, but rarely meets the threshold for non-responsibility.
Which feature is NOT characteristic of internet gambling?
A) 24-hour accessibility.
B) Ease and convenience.
C) Continuous play.
D) Mandatory supervision.
D) Mandatory supervision.
Loot boxes are best described as:
A) Skill-based rewards.
B) Free cosmetic items.
C) Randomized purchasable in-game rewards.
D) Illegal gambling products.
C) Randomized purchasable in-game rewards.
Which Alberta body regulates registered online gambling operators?
A) Health Canada.
B) AGLC.
C) Alberta iGaming Corporation (AIGC).
D) Criminal Code of Canada.
B) AGLC (with AIGC managing operations).
Criminal behaviour among people with a gambling disorder is best viewed as:
A) A diagnostic criterion.
B) An inevitable outcome.
C) A marker of severity.
D) Evidence of antisocial personality disorder.
C) A marker of severity.
In civil litigation, compulsive gamblers in Canada have sometimes:
A) Consistently won lawsuits.
B) Had convictions overturned.
C) Reached confidential settlements.
D) Been criminally excused.
C) Reached confidential settlements.
Which group represents the smallest proportion of gamblers?
A) Land-based gamblers.
B) Mixed-mode gamblers.
C) Exclusively online gamblers.
D) Social casino players.
C) Exclusively online gamblers.
Why are loot boxes considered gambling-adjacent?
A) They guarantee rewards.
B) They involve chance and real-money spending.
C) They are regulated as gambling.
D) They require skill.
B) They involve chance and real-money spending.
Alberta’s 2026 iGaming regulations prohibit:
A) Online casinos.
B) Cryptocurrency betting.
C) Public advertising of bonuses without opt-in.
D) Responsible gambling messaging.
C) Public advertising of bonuses without opt-in.
The relationship between gambling disorder and crime is best described as:
A) Unidirectional.
B) Coincidental.
C) Bidirectional and multifactorial.
D) Entirely causal.
C) Bidirectional and multifactorial.
Recent Canadian case law suggests liability may extend to:
A) Gambling patrons only.
B) Casino employees.
C) Third parties harmed by gamblers.
D) Online platforms only.
C) Third parties harmed by gamblers.
Which group reports the highest problem gambling severity?
A) Exclusively online gamblers.
B) Exclusively land-based gamblers.
C) Mixed-mode gamblers.
D) Recreational gamblers.
C) Mixed-mode gamblers.
Social casino games differ from traditional gambling because:
A) They lack gambling-like features.
B) Winnings can be cashed out.
C) Players cannot withdraw winnings.
D) They are unregulated.
C) Players cannot withdraw winnings.
Which advertising restriction mirrors Ontario’s model?
A) No social media ads.
B) Ban on athletes in gambling ads (except RG messaging).
C) Ban on all promotions.
D) No sponsorships.
B) Ban on athletes in gambling ads (except RG messaging).
The “instrumental” relationship between gambling and crime refers to:
A) Crimes caused by antisocial traits.
B) Crimes committed to obtain money for gambling.
C) Crimes unrelated to gambling.
D) Crimes occurring after recovery.
B) Crimes committed to obtain money for gambling.
Which best explains why only a subset of individuals with gambling disorder are involved in violent offending?
A) Violent crime is common among all individuals with severe gambling disorder.
B) Gambling disorder alone is sufficient to explain violent offending.
C) Violent offending tends to occur among a particularly impaired subgroup, often with comorbid conditions.
D) Financial desperation directly predicts violent crime.
C) Violent offending tends to occur among a particularly impaired subgroup, often with comorbid conditions.
Research suggests online gambling is most harmful when it:
A) Occurs in isolation.
B) Uses virtual currency.
C) Increases time spent and number of gambling formats.
D) Replaces land-based gambling.
C) Increases time spent and number of gambling formats.
Which feature raises the greatest public health concern about gaming–gambling convergence?
A) Improved graphics.
B) Early exposure to gambling-like mechanics.
C) Social interaction.
D) Entertainment value.
B) Early exposure to gambling-like mechanics.
The primary goal of modern iGaming regulation is to:
A) Maximize profit.
B) Eliminate gambling harm.
C) Balance consumer protection, revenue, and harm minimization.
D) Increase gambling participation.
C) Balance consumer protection, revenue, and harm minimization.