Data
Study that involves the collection, organization, description, analysis, and interpretation of data
Statistics
Variables that are typically integers representing a count of objects or abstract amounts
Discrete (variables)
Type of sample that involves a newspaper, online website, or standing at the exit of the lunchroom
Convenience sample
A survey asks a political question that attempts to sway people's opinion while reading. Name the type of bias present in this survey.
Response Bias OR Questionnaire/interviewer bias
At what college are you dual enrolled in through OnRamps?
University of Texas at Austin (Hook 'em, Horns!)
Data in its original form
Raw Data
The type of variables used in a Likert scale
Ordinal (variables)
Type of sample that involves separating population into clusters and selecting random members from each cluster
Stratified random sample
Typical type of bias that occurs in an internet survey
Voluntary response bias
How many children does Mrs. Meno have?
What is 6? - not 7
Give an example of raw data from our data collection from the first week of school
reaction time, height vs arm span, penny toss, time to complete puzzle with or without chewing gum
Type of data representing year of birth (correct for our class)
Discrete
The type of sample that is the ideal, where each member of the population has an equal likelihood of being selected
Simple random sample
A survey is given to 20 randomly selected seniors assigned to fill out a survey, but only 15 fill it out. Name the type of bias present.
Nonresponse bias
You can fix bias by increasing the sample size. True or False?
False - Start over. Need a random sample.
Name a way raw data can be transformed into a statistic
Counting, ordering, or finding the average
Explain the difference between nominal and ordinal data
Nominal data cannot be ordered in a linear way, ordinal data can be ordered in a obvious, linear way
You survey 50 seniors asking about what theme they'd like for prom this year. Explain the difference between parameter of interest and statistic with this example.
Parameter of interest = proportion of whole senior population that want a particular theme
Statistic = proportion of sample of 50 seniors who want a particular theme
A survey is given to a sample asking what about their favorite type of music, but the options don't include some types of music or an 'other' category. Name the type of bias present.
Instrument bias
Name one way major way to reduce bias.
Use a random sample strategy.
An attempt to make a prediction based on the data we collect and analyze
Inference
Both ordinal and discrete data can be ordered with numbers. Name the difference between these two types of data
The natural variation from sample to sample that happens by chance
Sampling error
A random survey of seniors attending a Johnson athletic event is done during the game. Everyone requested responds. The surveyor wants to make a claim about the entire Johnson senior class. Name the type of bias present.
Undercoverage bias (of seniors who did not attend athletic events).
A recent study stated that caffeine in soda is the cause of increasing heart-rate after consumption of the soda. What are two big problems with this statement?
Sugar is a confounding variable and could also cause increase in heart-rate. You cannot make a "cause" statement without a well-designed experiment.