Barriers
This line of defense against pathogens is made up of bacteria and other microbes.
Microbiome
A specific foreign substance such as a protein on the surface of a microorganism
Antigen
Named for the fact that it "works with" the immune system, this is a group of more than 30 serum proteins produced by the liver which function either alone or in conjunction with a specific immune response to attach and destroy invading microbes via an enzymatic cascade.
Complement
Make up 80% of circulating antibodies, and functions include neutralization, agglutination, complement activation, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. This Ig crosses the placenta, creating natural passive immunity from mother to child.
IgG
This agranular leukocyte is the largest of them all and has a large, kidney-bean shaped nucleus.
monocyte
These mechanical barriers line cavities with external openings and secrete substances that trap microbes to prevent penetration.
Mucous membranes
This type of immunity develops in response to exposure to an antigen
Specific immunity
The end result of initiating the complement cascade, regardless of the pathway.
Cell lysis, inflammation, and phagocytosis.
This immunoglobulin is made up of 2 IgG bound together at their base. It makes up about 13% of circulating antibodies and functions include neutralization and trapping of pathogens in mucus/secretions (milk, tears, saliva).
IgA
This agranular leukocyte has a large, circular nucleus and specializes to provide specific humoral and cell-mediated immunities.
lymphocyte
This category of barriers protects the body through mechanisms such as a washing action, the presence of enzymes, or low pH and and consists of bodily secretions such as uring, tears, saliva, and sweat.
Chemical barriers
What are the 2 types of specific immunity?
Antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity, Cell-mediated immunity
Chemical substance (glycoprotein) produced by host cells in response to entry of foreign protein that protects neighboring cells and prevents synthesis of viral nucleic acid which inhibits viral multiplication
Interferon
Makes up about 6% of circulating antibodies, is made up of 5 IgGs held together by a constant region, and functions in neutralization, agglutination, and complement activation.
IgM
These granular leukocytes have S-shaped nuclei and produce histamine
Basophils
A special class of nonspecific cell-derived mediators with broad spectrum antimicrobial properties.
Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs)
This type of immunity is normally silent, produces a slower but much more potent response, and recognizes highly specific antigens. Timing of the response can vary somewhat as memory cells "remember" pathogens on repeated exposures and respond faster and stronger on subsequent exposures.
Adaptive Immunity
These work by denying access to iron by microbes
Iron binding proteins
Large monomor that has different constant regions. Makes up < 1% of circulating antibodies and functions as the B-cell receptor.
IgD
These 3 types of leukocytes function as phagocytes.
Neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes
Electrolytes, sugars, lipids, and proteins used to maintain homeostatic balance.
Plasma protein mediators
This type of immunity is always present, can recognize general classes of pathogens, but cannot make fine distinctions. Attempts are made to immediately destroy or contain pathogen, and the potency of reaction does not change with repeated exposure.
Innate Immunity
These intracellular structures are where antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are synthesized.
Ribosomes
Large monomer makes up <1% of circulating antibodies and functions in activation of basophils and mast cells against parasites and allergens.
IgE
List the steps of phagocytosis in order (4)
Adherence, Ingestion, Digestion, Elimination