A behavior whose future frequency is determined primarily by its history of consequences.
What is Operant Behavior?
100
A consequence responsible for an increase in frequency of the response it follows.
What is a Reinforcer?
100
This phenomenon occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus and, as a result, occurs less frequently in the future.
What is Negative Punishment?
100
A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced.
What is a Discriminative Stimulus (Sd)?
100
A stimulus change or condition that functions (a) to evoke a behavior that has terminated it in the past; (b) as a punisher when presented following behavior, and/or (c) as a reinforcer when withdrawn following behavior.
What is an Aversive Stimulus?
200
According to Pennypacker, 1994, "A basic tenet of this position is that all forms of life, from single cells to complex cultures, evolve as a result of selection with respect to function."
What is Selection by Consequences?
200
This phenomenon occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus and, as a result, occurs more frequently in the future.
What is Positive Reinforcement?
200
This phenomenon occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus and, as a result, occurs less frequently in the future.
What is Positive Punishment?
200
The dependency of a particular consequence on the occurrence of a behavior.
What is a Contingency?
200
This term refers to the fact that behavior is modified by its consequences irrespective of the person's awareness.
What is Automaticity of Reinforcement?
300
This term refers to the process and selective effects of consequences of behavior.
What is Operant Conditioning?
300
This phenomenon occurs when the frequency of a behavior increases because past responses have resulted in the withdrawal or termination of a stimulus.
What is Negative Reinforcement?
300
A stimulus change that can decrease the future frequency of a behavior without prior pairing with any other form of punishment.
What is an Unconditioned Punisher?
300
Most of what the science of behavior analysis has discovered about the prediction and control of human behavior involves this concept.
What is the Three-Term Contingency.
300
An environmental variable that (a) alters the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b) alters the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished b that stimulus, object or event.
What is a Motivating Operation?
400
The selection by consequences operating during the lifetime of the individual organism.
What is Ontogeny?
400
A stimulus change that can increase the future frequency of a behavior without prior pairing with any other form of reinforcement.
What is an Unconditioned Reinforcer?
400
A stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of some type of behavior in similar conditions.
What is a Punisher?
400
A situation in which the frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus.
What is Stimulus Control?
400
A technologically consistent method for changing behavior derived from one or more principles of behavior, AND possesses sufficient generality across subjects, settings, and/or behaviors to warrant its codification and dissemination.
What is a Behavior Change Tactic?
500
A conceptual parallel to Ontogeny, this term describes Darwin's theory of natural selection in the evolutionary history of a species.
What is Phylogeny?
500
These stimulus changes function as reinforcers only because of their prior pairing with other reinforcers.
What is a Conditioned Reinforcer?
500
These stimulus changes function as punishers only because of their prior pairing with other punishers.
What is a Conditioned Punisher?
500
An operant that occurs more frequently under some antecedent conditions than under others.
What is a Discriminated Operant?
500
A statement describing a functional relation between behavior and one or more of its controlling variables with generality across organisms, species, settings, behaviors, and time.