Operating Systems (Level 2) HAM (Part 1)

Mac

100

(M1)How would you turn on Home Sharing in Catalina (and later)? How do you turn off Home Sharing before Catalina?

a.System Preferences → Sharing → Media Sharing → Home Sharing

b.iTunes → File →  Turn Off Home Sharing.

100

(M2)Explain how to enable File Sharing. Will this work to share files with a Windows computer?

1. System Preferences → Sharing → File Sharing → Options → select user → enter password
2. Yes

100

(M3)Demonstrate how to turn auto-open files in Safari on/off.

Open Preferences in Safari, under General, click Open “safe” files after downloading

100

(M4)What file system does OSX 10.11 and below use?

HFS+ (Hierarchical File System Plus)

100

(M5)What file system has been in use since OSX 10.12?

APFS (Apple File System)

Mac

100

(M6)Explain how to add a network drive.

Finder → Go → Connect to Server… → Enter Path → Enter Username and Password

100

(M7)What is Boot Camp? Demonstrate how to set it up. Demonstrate how to boot in an external drive.

a.Boot Camp is a utility that comes with your Mac and lets you switch between macOS and Windows

b.Run Boot Camp Assistant → Partition some space in the HDD → Install Windows → Install Windows Drivers → Choose which OS to start

c.Press and hold option/ alt to choose the os to boot in.

100

(M8)What does it mean when a question mark or a prohibitory symbol (circle with a slash through it) is displayed on the screen during startup? Explain the difference between the two.

1. ? → cannot recognize/read the hard drive
2. 🚫→ cannot access critical files on the start-up disk

100

(M9)What is FileVault, and how do you set it up? What are the pros and cons of using it?

a.FileVault is the Mac equivalent of BitLocker. When activated it encrypts the device’s hard drive and will require a password to be entered whenever you attempt to access your files.

b.System Preferences → click Security & Privacy → Click the FileVault tab → Click Locked, then enter an administrator name and password → Click Turn On FileVault.

c.

1. Pros: It makes your computer/data more secure, other people will not be able to access your files without the password
2. Cons: if you lose the password, there is no way to recover your data

100

(M10)Demonstrate 2 ways to change the default application that file types are opened with.

1. Right Click on a File → Get Info → Click Open With → (Change All if Needed)
2. Right click on file → Open with → Other → Always open with

Mac

100

(M11)Explain when and how to use Disk Utility to set up partitions. Why would you want to do this?

1. Select drive → Partition → + → Resize → Name it
2. Could run more than one operating system on a single device

100

(M12)What is First Aid, explain what it does and demonstrate how to run it.

1. First Aid can be used to check the status of a Mac’s hard drive and file system. It can detect corrupt partitions/files and will attempt to fix them.
2. Disk Utility → First Aid

100

(M13)What hidden files does a Mac create on removable media? Why does it create these files?

1. .spotlight - indexing files for spotlight
2. .trashes - deleted files
3. .ds_store - records things like the placement of icons in Finder
4. .fsevents - records file system events

100

(M14)What is an SSID? How do you clear the record of SSIDs on a Mac?

Network Preferences → Advanced → List of SSIDs (first tab) → Minus button, check Remember networks this computer has joined

100

(M15)Demonstrate how to configure and remove a static IP address.

Open Network Preferences, Advanced, TCP/IP, Configure IPv4: Set to Manually, Put in IP Address, Ok, Apply

Mac/Windows

100

(M16)If you install Cloudpath on a Macbook and it gives you an error, what could be the issue? How would you troubleshoot this? If the computer was connected before, how would you completely remove  URI_Secure?

a.Check date and time on the computer and also reset the user's LDAP password. Make sure they are putting their correct credentials. If all else fails, device enroll their device. Make sure there is not a security ticket if they have a virus (can't connect to network interface)

b.

1. Network Preferences → Advanced → Delete URI_Secure from list of SSIDs
2. System Preferences → Profiles → delete URI PEAP

100

(M17)Demonstrate how to turn the built-in firewall on and off. Explain the firewall options.

1. System Preferences → Security & Privacy → Firewall → turn firewall on/off
2. Block all incoming connections → prevents all sharing (File Sharing and Screen Sharing)
3. Automatically allow built-in software to receive incoming connections → (the box above it) to manually allow applications to share (File Sharing and Screen Sharing)
4. Automatically allow downloaded signed software to receive incoming connections → Applications that are signed by a valid certificate authority are automatically added to the list of allowed apps, rather than prompting the user to authorize them
5. Enable stealth mode → This would not allow/acknowledge attempts to ping the computer (and from networks by test applications)
6. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201642

100

(W1)What is hibernation and how is it different from sleep mode? What are the pros and cons of using hibernation versus sleep mode? How do you enable or disable hibernation?

a.Hibernation puts open documents & programs onto the hard disk and shuts down the computer. Sleep puts your work & settings into memory and puts the computer in a low power mode.

b.

1. Pros: it brings up all the programs you had open when you turn on the computer
2. Cons: it takes longer to turn off/on the machine and the machine still needs to be shut down normally every once in awhile for stability

c.Control Panel →  Hardware and Sound → Power Options → Choose what the power buttons do → Change settings that are currently unavailable → check hibernate (show in power menu)

100

(W2)What is the registry? Should you ever manually edit the registry?

1. The registry is a hierarchical (meaning most important → least important) database that stores low level settings for the operating system and programs.
2. No, no, no and no. In the case where it would be reasonable, consult with your TL/FTS (Hinkson, Mark Oliver, Bob, Mike) before doing anything

100

(W3)What is UAC (User Account Control)? How do you turn it off? Should it be turned off?

1. User Access Control asks for user permission/authentication before a program can run privileged actions on the PC
2. Turn off: User Account Control Settings →  slide bar to never notify
3. This should never be turned off

Windows

100

(W4)What is the guest account?

The guest account is an account for users to log in with and perform work that will not be saved. Microsoft is pushing people away from local accounts so the best way for a guest account is to create a “Visitor” account that is part of the guest user group. 

100

(W5)What is the difference between an administrator account and a standard account?

An administrator can perform privileged operations on the PC such as installing programs and making system wide changes, whereas standard accounts can only launch programs and make changes to local settings

100

(W6)What is “The Administrator” account? What is it similar to on Mac/Linux? How do you enable/disable and sign into The Administrator account? What is the difference between an administrator and The Administrator account?

a.The Administrator account is the built-in administrator account on every windows PC

b.It is similar to the root on Mac and Linux

c.

1. cmd.exe: “net user administrator /active:yes”
2. Then log out and the user will be available with whatever password was originally set
3. Optionally clear password with cmd.exe: “net user administrator *”

d.

1. An administrator launches each program as a standard user unless the program brings up a UAC (unless it is disabled)
2. The Administrator account launches each program as an administrator without any security warning

100

(W7)How do you add/change a password for a user account?

1. Control panel → User’s and Groups → manage another account → select the user → change password
2. Cmd.exe: “net user [username] *”

100

(W8)What is Remote Desktop? How do you enable/set up remote desktop? What versions of Windows support remote desktop? What does every computer need in order to be accessible by remote desktop?

a.Remote desktop is a program that allows users to remotely access another computer or receive help

b.Control panel →  system → advanced system settings →  remote → remote desktop → allow remote connections to this computer

c.Only Enterprise/Pro versions of Windows

d.Network access (computer needs to be on)