Eye Anatomy
Ophtho Eponyms
Senile Eyes
Pediatric Ophtho Issues
Ophtho Emergencies
100
This is the clear part of the eye behind the iris which focuses light onto the retina.
What is the lens?
100
In this disease, patient's frequently have myopia and thinning of the cornea, as well as increased incidence of retinal detachment, glaucoma, and cataracts.
What is Marfan Syndrome
100
Although more frequently associated with diabetes, this disorder of the eye which is caused by damage to the blood vessels of the back of the eye, is also found in elderly patients.
What is retinopathy
100
This disease is the most common primary malignant ocular tumor in children and is identified by a white iris on direct ophthalmoscopy.
What is retinoblastoma
100
This emergency is characterized by sensation of photopsia, followed by showers of floaters and finally, loss of vision (sometimes described as a "curtainlike")
What is retinal detachment.
200
This is the colored part of the eye that acts to regulate the amount of light which enters the eye at any given moment.
What is the iris?
200
This sign was named for an English surgeon, ophthalmologist, venereologist, and pathologist and is used to describe the involvement of the nasociliary branch of the trigeminal nerve during a herpes zoster infection.
What is Hutchinson Sign
200
This finding is caused by a clouding of the lens of the eye and causes vision to appear blurred.
What are cataracts
200
This disease presents as a patient with a large pupil bilaterally at birth and can be associated with other diseases such as Miller Syndrome and WAGR Syndrome.
What is aniridia (Fun Facts: the pupil appears large due to the lack of the iris. Vision is variably affected. -Miller Syndrome: Wilm's Tumor + Aniridia -WAGR Syndrome: Wilm's Tumor, Aniridia, Genital Abnormalitis, Retardation)
200
This disease process can have a variable presentation, but frequently is identified when a patient presents with headache, constitutional symptoms (weight loss, fatigue, anorexia), and an elevated ESR.
What is temporal arteritis
300
This is the light-sensitive lining of the back of the eye which receives light and conducts signals to the optic nerve
What is the retina?
300
The presence of uveitis in combination with oral ulcers and genital ulcers is characteristic for the disease named for a Turkish dermatologist (and also venereologist).
What is Behcet Disease. (Fun Fact: Remember the mnemonic "no see, no pee, no spicy curry")
300
This disorder is associated with increased intraocular pressures and initially presents with loss of peripheral vision.
What is glaucoma
300
This finding is characterized by erythematous and inflamed eyelids, crusty eyelashes, and is associated with seborrhea and rosacea
What is blepharitis (Fun Fact: Treat it with eye hygiene: warm compresses, baby shampoo scrubs, and antibiotic ointments)
300
This occurrence may be preceeded by amaurosis fugax, and can be diagnosed based on fundoscopic exam showing boxcarring of the retinal vessels, retinal edema, and the classic cherry red spot on the fovea.
What is central retinal artery occlusion? (Not so fun fact: This needs referred immediately. Irreversible vision loss can occur in as little at 100 minutes. At risk populations include elderly vasculopaths, young folks with sickle cell and syphilis, and people with collagen vascular diseases) (Fun Fact: Don't do the ocular massage. It doesn't work. And it isn't very comfortable.)
400
This fills the inside of the eye
What is vitreous gel?
400
This physical exam finding, which is sometimes identified in patient's with tertiary syphilis, is characterized by a lack of constriction with direct light but preserved ability to constrict when focusing on a target within reading distance.
What is Argyll Robertson Pupil (Fun Fact: Remember this finding as "Prostitute's Pupil" because it accommodates but doesn't react)
400
This physical exam finding is a lipid-rich deposit which appears as a bluish-white ring which encircles the cornea, but does NOT result in a loss of vision.
What is arcus senilis (Fun Fact: This is almost exclusively a geriatric finding. Some sources recommend lipid evaluation if this is present in patients younger than 50) (Fun Fact #2: This is far and away Andee Heller's favorite way to sound smart while teaching medical students)
400
Also called a lazy eye, this process occurs due to decreased vision of one eye due to an underdeveloped optic nerve.
What is amblyopia (Fun Fact: Treat this first with eye patching of the "good eye" if there are no organic causes to the amblyopia such as cataracts
400
This occurrence is characterized by headaches, blurred vision, visual halos around lights, nausea and vomiting, and increased ocular pressures.
What is acute angle closure?
500
This is the center of the macula and provides the sharpest vision.
What is the fovea?
500
In the swinging flashlight test, you will be able to identify this sign in patient's with an optic nerve lesion or MS, also called the relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)
What is Marcus Gunn Pupil
500
This condition is due to a loss of flexibility of the lens, making it difficulty to focus on objects without the assistance of bifocals.
What is presbyopia
500
This condition is the congenital absence of part of the eye or eyelid which can occur in isolation or in combination with other physical exam findings (such as CHARGE syndrome)
What is a coloboma (Fun Facts: CHARGE syndrome is an acronym for the physical exam findings associated with it: Coloboma Heart defects Atresia of the choanae Retardation in mental/physical development Genitourinary abnormalities Ear abnormalities or deafness)
500
This occurrence may be confused with conjunctivitis due to the inflamed conjunctiva and purulent drainage, however the history of past eye surgeries or concurrent bacteremia should tip you off that the patient has this more sinister condition.
What is endophthalmitis? (Fun Fact from Dr. Willett: If you have an elderly patient with redness and drainage, ask about a history of eye surgeries. If the answer is yes, REFER REFER REFER.)
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