Pharm
Ant Segment/Ocular Motor Disorders
Anatomy/Phys
Post Segment
Cornea
100
Name a category of ophthalmic drugs that decrease the production of aqueous humor.
Beta blockers, Alpha Adrenergic Agonists, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
100
What is the leading cause of blindness in the world?
Cataracts
100
What are the three tunics of the eye?
Fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, neural (internal or sensory) tunic
100
What is a differentiating factor between wet and dry macular degeneration?
Wet MD has abnormal blood vessel growth (neovascularization) under the retina.
100
Corneal ulcers are most commonly caused by.....
bacterial infection
200
Name a category of ophthalmic drugs that increase the outflow of aqueous humor.
Prostaglandin Analogs, Cholinergic Agonists, Alpha Adrenergic Agonists
200
What 3 symptoms would make you worry about a brain aneurysm?
Bonus: if you can say which nerve is involved.
Ptosis, gaze is down and out, mydriasis.
Bonus: CN III
200
Which photoreceptor gives us color vision?
Cones
200
Which type of retinal detachment was the most common and acute?
Rhegmatogenous: Tears or holes in retina. Often following a posterior vitreous detachment.
200
What would be a characteristic finding in herpes simplex keratitis when examining a patient after a fluorescein stain?
Dendritic, branching ulcer
300
What are some side effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors? (2 main ones)
CNS effects (lethargy, malaise, depression)
Electrolyte disturbances and kidney stones
Dizziness
Blurred vision
Nausea/vomiting
Paresthesias
GI disturbance (anorexia, nausea, weight loss)
Metallic taste
300
What is the primary function of the iris?
Controlling the amount of light that enters the eye by opening and closing the pupil.
300
What visual field defect could occur from a pituitary tumor?
Bitemporal hemianopia
300
What is the most common systemic vasculitis over the age of 50?
Giant Cell Arteritis/Temporal Arteritis
300
If a patient with a corneal abrasion is a contact lens wearer, why must a pressure patch never be used?
Patches create an environment susceptible to rapid, severe Pseudomonas infection.
400
What category of meds would be the best for allergic conjunctivitis?
Antihistamines with mast-cell stabilizing properties
Why?
Block histamine receptors, inhibit mast cell degranulation, and inhibit leukocyte activity
400
What is the name for this condition and what is occurring?
Synechiae: Eye condition where the iris adheres to either the cornea (i.e. anterior synechia) or lens (i.e. posterior synechia)
400
How does accommodation of the lens affect the ligaments?
Ligaments will relax (muscles contract)
400
What is the most common cause of transient monocular vision loss?
Carotid stenosis and dislodgement of atherosclerotic plaque (Hollenhorst plaque)
400
Which anatomical finding is a key "red flag" suggesting severe ocular pathology like infectious keratitis or acute uveitis, rather than benign conjunctivitis?
Ciliary flush
500
A patient comes in with eye pain, photophobia, and a foreign body sensation in the R eye. You do a fluorescein stain and do not see a foreign body. Patient does regularly wear contact lens. What would you do?
Prescribe a fluoroquinolone(ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) and refer to optho
500
A patient presenting with "cross eyed" appearance (esotropia) and an ipsilateral abduction deficit is the hallmark presentation of a palsy to which cranial nerve?
CN VI (Abducens)
500
Which refractive error results from the eyeball being slightly longer than usual from front to back, causing light rays to focus at a point in front of the retina?
Myopia (Nearsightedness)
500
What would be the difference between a central retinal vein occlusion and a branch retinal vein occlusion on ophthalmic exam(fundoscopy)?
Central: Blood and thunder
Branch: Area of blood but not whole field
500
In the management of corneal abrasions, which drug class should be avoided because it slows epithelial healing and reduces host resistance to superinfection?
Topical steroids