Types of Opioids
Can block mu & kappa receptors
What are Pure Opioid Antagonists?
For moderate to moderately sever pain. Analgesia is mainly unrelated to opioid receptors. Should not be used in people with epilepsy and those at high risk for suicide. Has an analog similar to codeine.
What is Tramadol?
Pentazocine
What is Opioid agonist-antagonist?
Considered a class 2 by itself and a class 3 when combined with aspirin or acetaminophen to enhance analgesic affects. Used for mild to moderate pain or as an antitussive. Causes sedation and constipation
What is Codeine?
Acts as an antagonist on mu receptors and as an agonist on kappa receptors
What are Opioid Agonist-Antagonist (Partial Agonist)?
Class 2 controlled substance. Used for moderate to severe pain
What is morphine?
Naloxone
What is Pure Opioid antagonist?
The 7 adverse effects of Opioid Agonists
What is
1. Respiratory Depression
2. Orthostatic Hypotension
3. Neurological Effects
4. Cough Suppression
5. Constipation
6. Promotes Nausea & Vomitting
7. Urinary Retention via Several Mechanisms
Can activate mu & kappa receptors. Can produce analgesia, euphoria, sedation, respiratory depression, physical dependence, & constipation
What are Pure Opioid Agonists?
Class 4. Produces no euphoric effects but it does cause nightmares, hallucinations, and anxiety so you don't have to worry about physical dependency. Increases cardiac workload so you wouldn't give to a patient with a history of cardiovascular diseases.
What is Pentazocine?
Codeine and Morphine
What is Pure Opioid Agonists?
the reason why someone get addicted b/c they produce new flora. Account for most of the respiratory depression, decreased GI motility, sedation, & Pupil dilation. It is Pain blocker receptor. Related to physical dependence.
Mu receptors
Block mu receptors which result in improved Gi motility. Do not block effects in the CNS they only work locally in the GI tract.
What are Selective Mu Opioid Receptor Antagonist?
Used to treat opioid induced constipation.
What is Methlynaltrexone?
Tramadol
What is Non-opioid Centrally Acting Analgesics?
Classic Triad of Symptoms of Opioid Toxicity
Coma
Respiratory Depression
Pinpoint pupils
Block Norepinephrine and serotonin uptake, activating spinal inhibition of pain. Has weak agonist activity at mu receptors.
What are Non Opioid Centrally Acting Analgesics?
Competitive antagonist at opioid receptors . Used to treat & diagnose overdose. Reverses most effects of opioids. Useful in blocking unwanted adverse effects.
What is Naloxone?
Methlynaltrexone
What is Selective Mu Opioid Receptor Antagonist?
Treatment for Opioid toxicity
What is ventilatory support and opioid antagonist?